Topic
Normative science
About: Normative science is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 98 publications have been published within this topic receiving 874 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
1 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The division of science into theoretical and experimental sciences has been discussed in detail in this article, where it has been argued that it is justified to divide science in general into two portions, and physics in particular into theoretical or experimental domains.
Abstract: My present talk has been ranged under ‘applied mathematics’ whereas my work in teaching and research is devoted to the science of physics. The great rift that has torn that science into two camps has hardly been more sharply defined than in the organisation of the talks to be presented at this scientific congress, which had to get through such enormously extensive material that it may be described as a flood, or to preserve local colour, as a Niagara of scientific talks. I am referring to the division into theoretical and experimental physics. While as a representative of theoretical physics I have been put into Section A for normative science, experimental physics turns up only much later under Section C for physical science. In between there are history, linguistics, literature, theory of art and theory of religion. Across all this the theoretical physicist must reach out his hand to his experimental colleague. We shall therefore not be able completely to avoid the question whether it is justified to divide science in general into two portions, and physics in particular into theoretical and experimental.
284 citations
Book•
1 Jan 1978
TL;DR: The author sets forth a theory of language and of grammar, showing that the science of grammar is not an empirical, but a normative science, comparable to logic and philosophy, characterized by the use of the method of explication.
Abstract: In this book, the author analyses the nature of the science of grammar. After presenting some methodological and historical background, he sets forth a theory of language and of grammar, showing that the science of grammar is not an empirical, but a normative science, comparable to logic and philosophy, characterized by the use of the method of explication.
107 citations
Book•
30 Sep 2012
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define legal science as "a discipline in crisis" and "a typology of legal science" and present an approach towards an empirically-normative approach.
Abstract: Contents: Preface Introduction: A Discipline in Crisis? Part I: Legal Science: A Typology 1. Introduction 2. Descriptive Legal Science 3. Empirical Legal Scholarship 4. The Theoretical Perspective 5. What is Next? Part II: The Homo Juridicus: Towards a Redefinition of Normative Legal Science 5. Introduction 6. What Makes an Academic Discipline? 7. Normative Legal Science: In Search of the Homo Juridicus 8. Law as Spontaneous Order Part III: Methodology of Normative Science 9. Towards an Empirical-normative Approach 10. Conclusions Part IV: Organisation of the Legal-academic Discourse 11. Introduction 12. Innovation in Legal Science 13. Legal Science and Methodology 14. The Research Culture in Legal Academia Synopsis References Index
104 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that science needs to integrate the normative aspect of sustainable development at the meta-level, and propose a learning approach to explicitly work with the objectivity and subjectivity of statements and positions in a "real-world" context.
102 citations
TL;DR: The development of the Organizational Consultant is described-a knowledge-based expert system that utilizes a synthesis of the elements of organizational contingency, theory through a validation process and the four fit criteria were applied to guide the development process.
Abstract: Organization theory is a positive science; organizational design is a normative science "concerned with how things ought to be, with devising structures to attain goals." The Organizational Consultant is a knowledge base expert system to help design organizations. That is, it takes facts about the environment, size, strategy, technology, ownership, and management preferences and applies the knowledge base to recommend the design structure and properties such as complexity, formalization, centralization, and span of control, among others.
Organization theory is comprised of numerous positive contingency theories, which are not integrated. The main issue is to create a comprehensive and consistent knowledge base from what we know, i.e., create a useful synthesis. We utilize four fit criteria as a guide: contingency fit, design parameter fit, situation fit, and total parameter fit. Contingency fit demands that the knowledge base of "if-then" rules follow what we know from the literature. Design parameter fit requires a balance, or weighting, among the supporting and opposing design recommendations. Situation fit assures us that the situation itself is not inconsistent. Finally, total design fit requires that it is useable and helpful to recommend structure and properties to attain goals.
The development of the Organizational Consultant is a continuing validation exercise. The size of an organization is an important design contingency. Yet, an operational definition of size for design purposes has been wanting. We discuss how a useful definition of size was developed for the Organizational Consultant.
We describe the development of the Organizational Consultant-a knowledge-based expert system that utilizes a synthesis of the elements of organizational contingency, theory through a validation process. The four fit criteria were applied to guide the development process.
98 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 2 |
| 2020 | 3 |
| 2019 | 4 |
| 2018 | 3 |
| 2017 | 2 |
| 2016 | 6 |