Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify and linguistically describe the means of euphemizing the concept of “disability” in the German article “Florian wäre in Werkstatt für Behinderte fast versauert – dann brach er aus” (Florian would have worked in a workshop for the disabled, but he chose a different path), dedicated to the social and labor adaptation of a young person with disabilities. The paper analyzes the means of euphemizing such a social topic as disability. The material of the study is an article on the topic taken from the German electronic informational and political weekly magazine “Focus”, which contains direct and indirect nominations of disability. In German studies, no attempts have been made so far to linguistically describe the means of euphemizing the disability topic in the German journalistic discourse on the material of one article. In the course of the study, euphemized and non-euphemized variants of disability nominations were identified in the following areas: “disabled people”, “social exclusion of people with disabilities”, “overcoming social exclusion”. The study solves such research questions as: what nominations are relevant for journalistic discourse? What language units are preferable from the point of view of a person with a disability? The analysis has revealed that the author of the article actively uses euphemisms, since the direct nominations of this phenomenon can lead to communicative discomfort, and, therefore, need a politically correct euphemistic replacement. The material has also showed that the person with disabilities discussed in the article less often resorted to euphemisms when talking about their childhood, family, life difficulties, and profession. Euphemistically colored words and expressions identified in the work can complement the synonymous set of lexemes for disability: Behinderte, Behinderung, behindert sein, Nichtdazugehören.

Abstract: Climate concerns “under the rubble”: Discursive portrayal of Turkey-Syria earthquake Article Sidebar Published: Dec 30, 2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6035/languagev.8787 Keywords: 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquake, media coverage, nomination, predication, climate concerns, natural disasters, sustainability Main Article Content Maria Kuzina Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2956-1480 Oksana Polyakova Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0575-2386 Abstract A significant amount of research exists on how the media cover environmental disasters and thus articulate climate concerns. However, there is a lack of studies on how news media outlets discursively presented the 2023 earthquake that took place in Turkey and Syria. To address the existing gap, the study seeks to investigate how the selected news media vocalised the climate concerns during the seismic event. For this purpose, we scrutinised the news pieces published by prominent news outlets. The study implemented mixed-methods tools to correlate the specific climate concerns and their representation. We qualitatively examined the obtained keywords earthquake, quake, and rubble, focusing on nomination and predication strategies employed for their discursive framing. Our research reveals a general trend exhibited by the three media outlets to place their discursive emphasis on a more immediate scale of repercussions (casualties, destruction, rescue efforts). The more global, climate-related issues might require more attention.

Abstract: The modern Korean language is changing in a number of directions and is actively replenished with new lexical units, among which a significant role is played by abbreviations - complex words formed with the help of morphological reduction, combination and contamination, including borrowed morphemes. These units are formed by means of morphological compression, abbreviation and combination, which contributes to the optimization of language nomination, the acceleration of communication and implementation of the principle of linguistic economy. This article analyzes the structural and semantic analysis of abbreviations, as well as their word-formation models. The relevance of the study is due to the dynamism of word formation processes in Korean, which reflect social and cultural changes. In the conditions of digitalization of the state and society, development of media discourse and internationalization of communication, abbreviations acquire special significance, as they are widely used in Internet communication, neologization of colloquial speech and youth slang, and actively enter into everyday speech, forming a special layer of modern Korean vocabulary. The demand for this study is determined by the need to systematize the mechanisms of abbreviation formation, analyze their morphological structure and derivational models. The results of the study presented in this article could be useful for further study of nomination mechanisms and word formation strategies in Korean, as well as for identifying general trends in the dynamics of lexical composition of languages actively influenced by globalization and technological progress.

Abstract: Abstract The year 2024 in American politics was dominated by the forthcoming election, with the withdrawal of President Biden and his replacement by Kamala Harris as the Democratic nominee, and the nomination and election of Donald Trump as the next president. The Republicans also achieved majorities in both houses of Congress.

Abstract: Developing nations of the world including Nigeria have been experiencing series of crises in their democratization processes. It is identified that conducting hitch free elections is one of the major problems encountered by these countries. Political parties in Nigeria, over the years, have faced crisis of nomination of candidates for national and sub-national elections. This has had adverse effect on the credibility of elections. Prelude to the 2023 general election, major political parties in Nigeria have to contend with challenges of nominating their presidential candidates. It is against this backdrop that this study is carried out. Its objective is to examine the processes of nomination of presidential candidates for the 2023 presidential election in Nigeria with particular reference to People Democratic Party, PDP and All Progressives Congress, APC. The study adopts primary and secondary sources of data collection using unstructured interview, textbooks, journals, internet and other relevant materials as instruments. Theory of Political Participation and Rational Choice theory are adopted as theoretical frameworks which serve as foundation upon which the arguments/discussions in the study are based. The study finds that there are rancor and acrimonies in the process of nominating the presidential candidates of the two parties for the 2023 elections. The study identifies ethnicity, religion, region, monetary inducement, and intra-party conflict as the major contentious issues in the process of nominating the Presidential candidates in the two political parties. The study in its conclusion opines that adherence to party constitution, justice, fairness equity among party members would minimize rancorous party primaries in Nigeria

Abstract: By the 1800s, social relationships and political culture in provincial Russian towns were close to those of the peasantry. The meshchane – the commune of lower- and middle-income families – nominated recruits to the military, a practice inherited from the rural commune. The nomination, dominated by commune leaders and rich families, helped to maintain traditional social and political order. This is a study of three towns in the province of St. Petersburg during the regular military levies of the 1790s-1810s, but especially during the first nationwide mobilizations in Russia – the militia levies of 1806-7 and 1812. During the first militia levy, traditional nomination proved insufficient for the purposes of mass war. Far more recruits were required: bias, conflict, and violence increased. Commune elders used nominations to cleanse the town of undesirables. In response, new legislation in 1808-10 improved the position of single men, the poor, small families, and newcomers. This reduced conflict and delay during the recruit levies. The positive changes were especially visible during the 1812 militia levy. In the longer term, the revision of nomination had an important regulatory and modernizing effect.

Abstract: Trump’s presidential announcement speeches and presidential nomination acceptance addresses were analyzed through the lens of a functional approach to political campaign discourse. In order to present themselves more favorably than their opponents, candidates typically engage in one of three rhetorical strategies: acclaiming, by emphasizing their own strengths; attacking, by diminishing their rivals' appeal; or defending, by responding to criticisms. This analysis focuses specifically on instances of acclaims and attacks in which themes related to immigration and immigrants are foregrounded. The findings indicate a discernible upward trend in the frequency of attacks directed at immigrants and foreign “Others”. A recurring metaphor in Trump’s rhetoric on immigrants is that of THE COUNTRY/NATION IS A HOUSE. Once established, this metaphor is employed with rhetorical precision, enabling the strategic manipulation of political discourse. Trump’s rhetoric thus contributes to a politics of fear and entrenches the binary opposition between “Us” and “Them.”

Abstract: <p><span>In Bangladesh, the idea of a nominee and nomination has actually been existing for centuries. Despite its extensive background, it is regrettable that the Act does not contain a uniform and unambiguous clause pertaining to a nominee's legal status. There is some ambiguity because of the intricate interactions and discrepancies between judicial rulings and legislative measures. In the lack of clear legislative direction, the court's discretion is typically used to resolve problems pertaining to the nominee's legal standing. The ultimate result is deprivation of rights of legal heirs in banking sector, capital market and everywhere. Instead of having constitutional safeguard the lacking of uniform law creates ambiguity to obtain rights in effective way. To ensure justice the Government should scrutinize the matter properly and should develop a suitable system in everywhere where the nominee and legal heir dispute arises. </span></p>

Abstract: This study examines the development of tea cultural heritage tourism in China, Japan, and Korea through comparative analysis. The findings reveal distinct characteristics: China emphasizes ecological integration but faces commercialization issues; Korea focuses on experiential activities with limited innovation; and Japan prioritizes ceremonial traditions while lacking visitor engagement. Common challenges include cultural dilution (China), homogeneity (Korea), and formalized experiences (Japan). To address these issues, the study proposes: (1) VR/AR applications to recreate historical tea culture settings, (2) blockchain-based traceability systems, and (3) trilateral cooperation through joint heritage nomination and digital platforms. These strategies aim to enhance sustainable tourism development while preserving cultural authenticity.

Abstract: This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and peer sociometricstatus among middle school students. A hypothetical sample of 280 students (140 boys, 140 girls; aged 12–15)completed an EI questionnaire and participated in a peer nomination sociometric task. Descriptive results indicatedthat students with higher EI scores generally had higher peer acceptance ratings and lower rejection scores. Thesefindings suggest that emotional intelligence may play an important role in supporting positive peer relationshipsduring adolescence.Keywords: emotional intelligence, sociometric status, middle school, peer relationships, adolescence

Abstract: The article examines a broad group of consistently confused English words that are similar in spelling, pronunciation, or meaning under the general term «confusables». They are characterized by frequent errors, caused by substituting the correct word with one that is similar in form or content. They may be referred to as confusable words, confusing words, confused words, misused words, etc. While there are terms for specific units within this heterogeneous linguistic group (homophones, paronyms, etc.), there is no widely accepted linguistic term for the designation of the entire category. The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical justification for the most suitable nomination of English words that are consistently confused due to formal or semantic similarities. The research material included previous studies, as well as 80 dictionaries and practical guides, and dictionary definitions of key lexemes. The primary method of theoretical analysis was supported by methods of random sampling, lexicographic description, and comparative analysis. As a result, a working term was proposed and defined; some future directions for addressing the study of confusables in the English language were outlined.

Abstract: This study investigates how political party structures in Nigeria have influenced women’s representation in the National Assembly between 1999 and 2023. Employing a descriptive survey design with a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates structured questionnaires and document analysis to examine nomination processes, internal democracy, and cultural constraints within parties. A sample of 398 respondents from Abuja’s political and academic institutions, including National Assembly members, INEC officials, civil society organizations, and academicians was drawn using Yamane’s formula and proportional sampling. Findings reveal systemic gender biases embedded in opaque nomination processes, financial exclusions, weak party reforms, and enduring patriarchal ideologies. These constraints, often reinforced by cultural and religious norms, continue to suppress women’s access to political leadership. The study underscores the limitations of symbolic affirmative action and ineffective party reforms. Drawing from institutional theory and global experiences, the research advocates enforceable gender quotas, comprehensive internal party reforms, and socio-cultural reorientation as critical steps toward gender-inclusive governance in Nigeria.

Abstract: A presentation given to the ALPSP panel of judges to support Thoth Open Metadata's nomination as a finalist of the 2025 ALPSP Award for Innovation in Publishing.

Abstract: The article explores the metaphorization of technical terminology as a method of nomination in the biological terminological system. It highlights that the semantic interaction between the analyzed terminological systems is driven by the increasing integration of technical and natural sciences. The technical metaphor is identified based on the use of the source domain “Technology” within the biological terminological system. The study establishes that the relevance of the “technology” terminological sphere as a source domain of metaphors in scientific discourse is a result of rapid technological progress. Through the analysis of dictionary definitions, the evolution of the semantics of technical terms within the biological terminological system is traced. Models of technical metaphor in biological terminology have been identified (device / instrument / mechanism → organism / organ; part of a device / instrument → part of an organism / organ; name of a technical process → name of a biological process). These models illustrate that metaphor remains a crucial element of scientific discourse and continues to play a productive role in the nomination of biological concepts.

Abstract: Many contemporary Orientalists and Occidentalists have failed to present an accurate image of various Islamic principles. Among these scholars is Wael Hallaq, who, after Joseph Schacht, is considered a prominent name in the Western academic world. Born in 1955 in Nazareth, Palestine, Hallaq earned his B.A. from Haifa University in Israel and later travelled to the United States for his Master’s and PhD. He is the author of approximately 20 books and 80 articles. He has critically discussed the political, economic, social, and religious systems of Islam. Notably, he has raised objections regarding the selection process of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Khulafā-e-Rāshidīn). According to his perspective, the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ did not appoint Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (RA) as his successor during his lifetime, which he considers the first political issue of the newly established Islamic state. He refers to the nomination of Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) as "World Order II", acknowledges the selection of Uthman ibn Affan (RA) as aligned with Sunnah, and although he recognises Ali ibn Abi Talib (RA) as the fourth Caliph, he does not delve into his character. This article reviews Hallaq’s objections.

Abstract: Iterative screening techniques, such as directed evolution, enable high-throughput affinity maturation to optimize binders to molecular interfaces. However, the decision problem of selecting variants from rich, evolved populations to enter low-throughput follow-up methods remains a significant bottleneck. Here, we present evolutionary fitness inference (EVFI) and DeepEVFI, two machine learning methods that model directed evolution from time-series sequencing data, and infer fitness, the ability of a variant to enrich under selection pressure. Our methods flexibly handle mutation mechanisms and starting populations that may be partially unknown -- settings relevant to drug discovery -- and achieve strong performance on a diverse set of experimental data. We conducted two experimental directed evolution campaigns, using antibodies and macrocyclic peptides libraries to identify and optimize binders to therapeutically relevant targets. EVFI and DeepEVFI identified tighter binders that were missed by human experts using conventional frequency-based approaches, including rising stars with low frequency. Beyond initial hit discovery, EVFI and DeepEVFI enables labeling large-scale sequence-fitness datasets and identifying variants of initial binders with diverse properties.

Abstract: The core purpose of Youth-Initiated Mentoring (YIM) is to adopt a more collaborative approach to mentoring by inviting youth to nominate and select their own mentors. This article performs a scoping review of research on YIM to identify common methodologies and emerging evidence from available studies. Six online research databases were used to identify peer-reviewed academic articles published in English. No date restrictions were applied. In total, nine peer-reviewed articles were identified and reviewed. The main findings from these studies indicate that collaborating with youth during the mentor nomination process offers several benefits to youth in mentoring relationships. Based on the knowledge gained from this scoping review, a secondary purpose of this article is to encourage researchers to adopt a more participatory approach to their future investigations of YIM. Despite YIM’s recent exploration into more collaborative approaches to practice, the model has yet to fully embrace more collaborative approaches to research. To address this limitation, this article begins a productive dialogue between YIM and Community-Based Participatory Research. Specifically, this article reviews four of the principles within Community-Based Participatory Research and surfaces helpful strategies that researchers can use to begin celebrating the local knowledge and expertise of youth and their communities.

Abstract: The aim of this research is to find out the effect of the idea nomination strategy on developing pivotal thinking skills among eighth grade students in History. The research method is the experimental method by taking two groups of students. The study population consists of eighth grade students for the academic year (2023-2024). The sample was taken purposively in the Margaret Educational Community in the Sulaymaniyah Governorate Center, which consists of (30) students. After conducting a random parity, grade (A) was chosen as the control group and grade (B) as the experimental group. To achieve the goal of the study, a scale for the development of Pivotal thinking skills, which consists of (40) items. The validity of Cronbach's alpha was found by presenting the scale to experts in the fields of teaching methods, psychology, and History. Then construct validity was found. Reliability was found by means of the statistical coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha), which is (0.89) and then the discriminatory power of the items was found and it was found that all the items have the discriminatory ability.

Abstract: Significance Trump moved quickly to announce his nominations and, with a 53-47 Republican majority in the Senate, most of his nominations are expected to be confirmed relatively smoothly. Hearings on Pete Hegseth’s nomination to be defense secretary, which begin today, are likely to be among the most controversial but he still appears likely to be confirmed. Impacts Republicans can afford three defections on each confirmation floor vote once new senators from West Virgina and Ohio are sworn in this week. Without the numbers to defeat a nominee, Democrats must choose their most politically effective line of confirmation questioning. Hearings for Gabbard and Patel, as well as Robert Kennedy, are among those yet to be scheduled. Well-coordinated lobbying by pro-Trump groups, plus pressure from the Trump camp itself, should ensure almost all nominees are confirmed.

Abstract: The USCACA Junior Faculty Awards will recognize 3 to 6 outstanding junior Chinese faculty for their significant contributions to translational or clinical cancer research. Eligibility is open to junior Chinese faculty currently engaged in translational or clinical cancer research, holding the rank of Associate Professor (or equivalent) in China, or Instructor or Assistant Professor (or equivalent) in the United States. In addition, candidates in China must have obtained training in the US and subsequently returned to China within the last three years or confirmed to return China by the end of 2025, and are currently active in (or will be continue their) translational and clinical cancer research in China.

Abstract: This article examines the design and function of underground granaries with stone doors located in Aragatsotn, Armenia. These structures are unique in their originality, with no known parallels in other countries. The transformation of natural caves into functional underground granaries required advanced knowledge and construction skills related to the natural environment, reflecting the high level of medieval Armenian engineering expertise. The stone doors not only protected stored grain but also created favorable microclimatic conditions that enabled long-term preservation of the crops. While experts hold differing views regarding the construction period and purpose of these granaries, this article aims to analyze existing opinions and propose a new interpretation. The preservation and promotion of these underground granaries are crucial, and further research is necessary to support their nomination for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Abstract: This article explores the critical importance of board expertise in the nomination process of directors within listed companies, and the context of European corporate governance. It examines statutory provisions, corporate governance codes, and company-specific guidelines, emphasizing the legal obligations to formulate and disclose board expertise requirements as mandated by recent EU directives. An empirical and comprehensive analysis of Finnish listed companies' shareholder nomination board charters identifies key areas of collective and individual expertise. The study reveals a predominant focus on traditional competencies, while emerging areas like ESG and digitalization are less emphasized. The findings underscore the evolving demands on board expertise, driven by regulatory changes and the need for enhanced corporate governance practices to meet business demands.

Abstract: 국회의원은 왜 공격발언을 하는가? 국회의원이 추구하는 정치적 보상이 '공천'과 '재선'이라는 점에서, 본 연구는 국회의원의 공격발언이 공천 및 재선 가능성을 극대화하기 위한 전략적 행동인지를 실증 분석하였다. 구체적으로 국회의원의 전체 국회발언 중 공격발언의 점유비율이 높은 국회의원일수록 다음 대수 국회의원 선거에서 공천가능성 및 재선가능성이 어떻게 달라지는지를 19-20대, 20-21대, 21-22대 국회를 대상으로 분석했다. 국회의원 발언의 공격발언 여부를 판별하기 위해 기계학습 알고리즘을 활용하였으며, 국회의원의 공격발언비율과 공천 및 재선가능성의 관계에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 국회의원의 개인적·상황적 특성(성별, 연령, 선수, 위원장 수임여부, 소속정당 등)을 분석과정에서 통제했다. 연구결과, 19대 이후 모든 국회회기에서 공격발언비율이 높은 국회의원일수록 다음 대수 국회의원 선거에서 공천가능성 및 재선가능성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 국회의원의 공격발언은 정치적 보상을 추구하는 국회의원의 전략적 행동임을 보여주는 경험적 증거를 제공한다는 이론적 의의를 지닌다.

Abstract: One of the important areas in terminology is the study of methods for creating new terms, as the analysis of term formation contributes to the systematization and harmonization of terminological systems. A productive method for creating terminological innovations in many languages is base-compounding (or composition) and word-compounding (or juxtaposition). In the modern terminological system of museology, juxtaposition represents a semantically and grammatically independent, full-fledged class of linguistic units that perform a nominative function. The article addresses the functioning of juxtaposed terms in the Ukrainian terminological system of museology. It examines the specifics of term formation through word-compounding and identifies the productive types of juxtaposition in the studied terminological system. A significant portion of these formations includes the following components: 1) museum: museum-workshop, museum-palace, museum-monument; 2) bulletin: bulletin-table, bulletin-chronicle; 3) library: library-depository; 4) hall: hall-epoch, hall-interior, hall-culture, etc. The quantitative relationship of juxtaposed terms from the lexical-thematic groups of museology was determined.