Abstract: Abstract Introduction: Intellectual giftedness is an important student characteristic that teachers need to take into consideration when designing education programs and providing educational support to these students. Effective nomination and identification are the basis for further education. In nominating gifted students for special educational programs, teachers play an important role by providing information about superior characteristics of students. The purpose of this study is to develop a teacher rating scale (TRSG) for nominating the children to gifted education programs. Methods: In order to develop a teacher rating scale (TRSG) for nominating the children to gifted education programs, the present study involved three stages: item generation, instrument application and validity-reliability analyses. One hundred sixty-nine teachers participated in the study. To ensure the validity of the scale, its content, construct and criterion-related validity were examined, and to ensure its reliability, its Cronbach alpha value was calculated. For content validity, three experts on gifted education examined the items and the whole scale in terms of successful intelligence theory. After their approval of the content, construct validity was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The result of the analysis supported the three-factor structure of the scale having 17 items. According to the results of the research, it has been established that the TRSG is a valid and reliable instrument, and it may be used to nominate gifted children based on the evaluations of the teachers. Discussion: Sternberg (2018) defined three components. According to the theory of Sternberg (2018), giftedness involves analytical, practical and creative intelligences, and they are associated not only with each other but also with a G factor. In the analysis, each item was classified under a component of successful intelligence theory and the statistical examinations supported the anticipated associations among the items and the factors. Limitations: The sample size of the teachers was small. The limitations of this study are the use of convenience sampling and the inclusion of only 169 teachers in the sample. Another limitation is rating bias. Conclusions: The results on the validity and reliability supported the notion that the scale is appropriate to be used for nomination purposes by teachers in gifted education programs. Its limited number of items, quick application, and simple scoring procedures make it advantageous for use in various contexts.

Abstract: Abstract Do parties face an electoral penalty when they nominate candidates of colour? We employ a regression discontinuity design using state legislative election data from 2018, 2019, and 2020 to isolate the effect of nominating a candidate of colour on a party's general election performance. Utilising this approach with real-world data heightens external validity relative to existing racial penalty studies, largely supported by surveys and experiments. We find no evidence that candidates of colour are disadvantaged in state legislative general elections relative to narrowly nominated white candidates from the same party. These findings challenge the leading explanations for the underrepresentation of racial/ethnic minority groups, with implications for candidate selection across the United States.

Abstract: Abstract Consider elections where the set of candidates is partitioned into parties, and each party must nominate exactly one candidate. The P ossible P resident problem asks whether some candidate of a given party can become the unique winner of the election for some nominations from other parties. We perform a multivariate computational complexity analysis of P ossible P resident for several classes of elections based on positional scoring rules. We consider the following parameters: the size of the largest party, the number of parties, the number of voters and the number of voter types. We provide a complete computational map of P ossible P resident in the sense that for each choice of the four possible parameters as (i) constant, (ii) parameter, or (iii) unbounded, we classify the computational complexity of the resulting problem as either polynomial-time solvable or -complete, and for parameterized versions as either fixed-parameter tractable or [1]-hard with respect to the parameters considered.

Abstract: How much influence does incumbency have on the way parties nominate candidates? I address this question in the context of Argentina, examining how political parties decide on candidate nomination methods for National Deputies. I argue that holding the governorship creates an imbalanced distribution of resources within a party, leading party factions to lean toward consensus in candidate selection and reducing the likelihood of choosing a primary election. Conversely, when a party lacks the governorship, its party leader may have a weaker influence in deterring primary elections. I also theorize the various situations and resources governors can employ to discourage primary elections, including potential coattail effects, the option of seeking reelection, control over the primaries' selectorate, and control of the electoral calendar. To test my expectations, I employ a regression discontinuity design, focusing on governors and those who finished as runners-up in lower chamber elections from 1985 to 2023.

Abstract: In this article, the linguistic picture of the world, linguistic signs, the fact that words in this case serve as a means of accessing a single information base of a person. It has been considered that words in different languages, meaning the same concept, differ in semantic possibilities, can cover different parts of reality, and their use in speech. In addition, under the linguistic picture of the world, we understand in the language the fixation of a set of knowledge and ideas about reality formed in social consciousness. Linguistic study of the semantics of language tools that nominate the concept of” eye", we will conduct research related to the conceptualization of body experience and the formation of concepts of the inner world of a person from it.

Abstract: This research discusses the political recruitment process of the NasDem Party with a study of the nomination of celebrities by the NasDem Party in the 2019 legislative elections. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors behind the NasDem Party choosing to nominate many celebrity figures in the 2019 elections. This study used a qualitative method through descriptive analysis to explain the recruitment mechanism carried out by the NasDem Party in the process of nominating legislative candidates. The data collection technique used was through interviews as primary data and literature study as secondary data. The theoretical framework used in this study is the theory of political parties from Larry Diamond and Richard Gunter and the theory of political recruitment by Pippa Norris. The NasDem Party is the party that recruits and nominates the most celebrities in the 2019 legislative elections. The NasDem Party chooses to nominate celebrities based on several factors and is one of the NasDem Party strategies to raise party votes in the 2019 elections. celebrities in the 2019 elections, including: first, the popularity of celebrities. Second, there is a phenomenon of idol celebrities in several electoral districts. Third, the celebrity factor that is able to become a vote getter.Penelitian ini membahas proses rekrutmen politik Partai NasDem dengan studi pencalonan selebriti oleh Partai NasDem pada pemilu legislatif 2019. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan faktor-faktor di balik Partai NasDem memilih untuk mencalonkan banyak tokoh selebriti pada Pemilu 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan mekanisme rekrutmen yang dilakukan oleh Partai NasDem dalam proses pencalonan calon legislatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah melalui wawancara sebagai data primer dan studi pustaka sebagai data sekunder. Kerangka teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori partai politik dari Larry Diamond dan Richard Gunter dan teori rekrutmen politik oleh Pippa Norris. Partai NasDem adalah partai yang merekrut dan mencalonkan selebriti terbanyak dalam pemilihan legislatif 2019. Partai NasDem memilih untuk mencalonkan selebriti berdasarkan beberapa faktor dan merupakan salah satu strategi Partai NasDem untuk mengumpulkan suara partai pada Pemilu 2019. Selebriti di Pemilu 2019, termasuk: pertama, popularitas selebriti. Kedua, ada fenomena selebriti idola di beberapa daerah pemilihan. Ketiga, faktor selebriti yang mampu menjadi vote getter.

Abstract: Subgenus Ovosoma Motschulsky, 1860 Ch. orientalis (Olivier 1807): TR-A: ADA, AFY, AMA, ANK, AYD, BIL, BOL, BRS, DIY, ELA, ESK, EZU, HAT, ISP, IST, IZM, KAH, KAS, KAY, KON, KRB, KSH, KUT, MER, NEV, NIG, ORD, OSM, SAM, SII, SIN, SIV, TOK, VAN, YOZ, ZON – TR-E: IST (Sahlberg 1913; Medvedev 1970; Dahlgren 1984; Kasap 1988a; Campobasso et al. 1999; Bienkowski 2001; Aslan, Gruev et al. 2003; Warchałowski 2003; Gruev 2005a; Atay and Çam 2006; Özdikmen and Aslan 2009; Özdikmen 2011) Note: According to Kippenberg (2010b), this species is represented by three subspecies in Turkey: The nominate form, Ch. orientalis halysa Bechyné, 1950 and Ch. orientalis sahlbergi (Ménétriés 1832). Besides, Warchałowski (2003) and Özdikmen (2011) stated the existence of Ch. orientalis thraeissa Bechyné, 1950 in southern Turkey. It was not possible to give infraspecific distributions separately. Ch. turca (Fairmaire 1865): TR-A: BRS, IST – TR-E: IST (Fairmaire 1865; Bienkowski 2001; Aslan, Gruev et al. 2003; Warchałowski 2003; Gruev 2004, 2005a) Ch. vernalis (Brullé 1832): TR-A: AGR, ART, CAN, DEN, ISP, IST, IZM, TEK, TOK – TR-E: IST (Sahlberg 1913; Gül-Zümreoğlu 1972; Dahlgren 1984; Aslan and Özbek 1999; Bienkowski 2001; Aslan, Gruev et al. 2003; Warchałowski 2003; Gruev 2004, 2005a; Atay and Çam 2006) Note: This species is only represented by subspecies Ch. vernalis ottomana (Weise 1906) in Turkey. ∗ Ch. wittmeri Medvedev, 1975: TR-A: GUM, TRA (Medvedev 1975; Gruev 1976; Bienkowski 2001; Aslan, Gruev et al. 2003; Warchałowski 2003) [= Ch. guichardi Gruev 1976]

Abstract: Holopyga gogorzae Trautmann, 1926 (Figs. 1 A-F, 2C-D, 14E, 15C) Holopyga gloriosa var. gogorzae Trautmann, 1926: 5. Lectotype ♂; Spain: Castilia (MfN). Holopyga gogorzae sensu Linsenmaier, 1959: 26 (H. miranda group), nec Trautmann, 1926. Holopyga gogorzea: Tussac, 1994: 261. Incorrect subsequent spelling. Material examined. Spain. ♂ lectotype (see below), Spanien, coll. Trautmann, gloriosa Fabr. var. nov. gogorzae Type [red label handwritten by Trautmann] (MfN). Murcia: 5♂♂, Lorca, 4.- 6.v.1999, leg. F. Fresno (MNCN; PRC; MPC). Madrid: 1♂, Valdaracete, 28.v.2009, leg. F. Fresno (MNCN). Alicante: 2♂♂, Torremendo, 16.iv.1983 (MNCN; PRC). The following specimens are labelled as paratypes of H. rubra Linsenmaier, 1999: Sevilla: 1♂, W of Sevilla, 14.v.1964, leg. W. Linsenmaier (NMLU); 4♂♂, same locality, 24.iv.1965 (NMLU); 1♂, Jerez, 16.v.1964, leg. W. Linsenmaier (NMLU). Portugal. Lisboa: 1♂, Caparica, 22.v.1955, leg. N.F. de Andrade (NMLU). Remarks. Holopyga gogorzae was described by Trautmann (1926) as follows: “ Holopyga gloriosa Fabr. var. nov. gogorzae ist wie Nominatsform gefärbt, besitzt aber golden Mesopleurae, vielleicht Uebergang zu miranda Ab. [= Holopyga gloriosa Fabr. var. nov. gogorzae is coloured like the nominate form, but has golden mesopleura, maybe transition to miranda Ab.]. Castilien, coll. Trautmann.”. The alleged “ H. gloriosa nominate form” is to be intended as a H. lucida -like species. This colour description is short, yet detailed enough to exclude H. gogorzae from the H. miranda group, since none of the species like the “ H. gloriosa nominate form” of the authors ever has wholly golden-red head as H. miranda. Trautmann (1927) provided a more detailed description: “Pronotum, auch die Seiten desselben, Mesonotum, Scutellum, Metanotum, Mesopleurae und Schenkel kupfern. Die Abdomentergite sind kupfern, der Kopf grün, die ganze Unterseite schwarz [= Pronotum, also the sides of the same, mesonotum, scutellum, metanotum, mesopleura and femora coppery. The abdominal segments are coppery, the head green, the whole underside black]. Castilien. Type in Coll. Trautmann (about the actual status of the “ type ”, see below). Linsenmaier (1959) was the first author after Trautmann (1926, 1927) to deal with H. gogorzae. His interpretation however was incorrect, since he considered as H. gogorzae an entirely metallic golden-red species, in contrast with the original description, and included H. gogorzae in the newly established H. miranda group. Without type examination, Linsenmaier (1959) was likely misled by the statements: “maybe a transition to H. miranda ” and “femora coppery [...] the whole underside black”. He based his description only upon female specimens; obviously more than one, since he gives as distribution “ Spanien, Portugal ” and no bibliographic references to H. gogorzae exist, subsequent to Trautmann (1926, 1927), in which only “Castilien” is reported. Linsenmaier (1959) explicitly states he does not know the male: “ ♂ mir nicht bekannt, die Type (♂) nach Trautmann mit mehr grünem K[opf]” [= ♂ unknown to me, the type (♂) according to Trautmann with more green head]. Trautmann (1926, 1927), however, never stated the type was a male; this was most likely inferred by Linsenmaier from having the type green head, in contrast with his females with red-golden head. A recent re-examination of Linsenmaier’s collection (Rosa, unpubl.) showed that Linsenmaier later received and collected several males and females of his “ H. gogorzae ”, from Spain and Portugal, which however did not lead him to change his opinion, despite of being males quite similar in colouring to females, thus not matching Trautmann’s (1926) description. All subsequent European authors (Mingo 1970, 1994; Tussac 1994; Rosa & Soon 2012) just accepted Linsenmaier’s (1959) interpretation. As the Trautmann’s “type” is concerned, neither the original description of H. gloriosa var. gogorzae (1926), nor the subsequent large work, Die Goldwespen Europas (1927), do contain any statement that the description was based upon a single specimen, so that there is no evidence of monotypy. The “type” housed at MfN in Trautmann’s collection is not a holotype, since it was not cited as such in the original description; the Article 72.4.7. of the Code clearly states that “The mere citation of “Type” or equivalent expression, in a published work other than that in which the nominal species-group taxon is established [...] is not necessarily evidence that a specimen is or is fixed as any of the kinds of types referred to in this Chapter”. Thus, this specimen is to be regarded as a syntype. Because of the possible existence of unnoticed type series specimens, and of the taxonomic problems in which the species was involved, we herewith fix the Trautmann’s specimen of Holopyga gloriosa var. gogorzae as the lectotype. At first sight, the lectotype (Fig. 1) may appear related to H. gloriosa auctorum (rejected and invalid name, see below), because of body colouration. However, it can be easily separated from all Holopyga related to H. “gloriosa ” (e.g. H. inflammata, H. lucida, H. jurinei) by bifid tarsal claws (Fig. 14E), with one small, stout subsidiary tooth, and a second, highly reduced denticle, the latter bearing a long, medial seta; red colour of mesopleura (Fig. 1A); shortened first flagellomere (Fig. 1B); and rounded temples in dorsal view (Fig. 1C). The bifid tarsal claws being a feature shared with both H. fervida and H. miranda groups, H. gogorzae actually appears somewhat intermediate between them, as pointed up by Trautmann (1926). On the other hand, besides the shared tarsal claws feature, females of the fervida group show clear similarities in habitus with those of the H. miranda group, mainly differing in mesoscutellum punctation. Differences in colouring of mesosoma underside are not wholly consistent, since two Eastern species included in miranda group, namely the East Mediterranean H. enslini Linsenmaier, 1959, and the Central Asian H. lucens Rosa, 2018, have ventrally metallic mesosoma. In the next future, such similarities likely will lead to merge H. fervida and H. miranda groups into a single one, to be named H. fervida group for priority reasons, possibly including H. fervida sensu stricto and H. miranda subgroups. We prefer to wait until new molecular data, based on recently collected specimens of the H. miranda group, will be published (Rosa et al., in prep.). Linsenmaier (1999) also described two new species in the Holopyga fervida group: H. meknesia, from Morocco, and H. rubra from Morocco (type locality) and Iberian Peninsula. Holopyga rubra holotype (Fig. 15E) and paratypes (Fig. 15D) from Morocco actually belong to a separate species, closely related to H. gogorzae Trautmann. Iberian paratypes of H. rubra, from Spain (Sevilla and Jerez) and Portugal (Caparica), all males, upon examination, conversely proved H. gogorzae. Moroccan males of H. rubra (Fig. 15D) show a different body colouration, entirely green as typical males of H. fervida, and the typical punctation of H. fervida males, with scutellum anteromedian polished; genitalia, however (Linsenmaier, 1999), are structurally very similar to H. gogorzae. The female of H. rubra (Fig. 15E) is easily recognisable from H. fervida by extended red body colouration, including mesopleuron and metanotum, and different shape of the head. At our knowledge, only males of H. gogorzae, in fair numbers, are known. The female may be rare to very rare; moreover, it has possibly already been collected, yet overlooked, because of strong similarities with some other species, most likely H. fervida. This species appears to be endemic to Iberian Peninsula so far.

Abstract: Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare G.J.P.Ramos & C.W.N.Moura, var. nov. (Figs 51–54) Diagnosis— This variety differs from the nominate variety by having a semicircular outline, with lateral lobes broadly rounded, whereas M. jenneri var. jenneri has an oblong outline and lateral lobes concave. Another difference from the nominate variety is the incision between the lateral lobes that is about the same size as the incision between the apical and basal lobes, being shorter in the nominate variety Cell dimensions: length 145–165 μm, breadth 109–123 μm, apical lobe 32–64 μm, isthmus 32–36 μm. Holotype: material numbered (HUEFS 244148!) deposited at Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, population illustrated here in LM (Figs 51–54). Etymology: The epithet refers to semicircular outline of the cells. Type locality and habitat characteristics: Collected at “Vale do Capão”, Palmeiras, Bahia state, Brazil. Lat. 12º 30’ 31” S, Long. 41º 29’ 10” W. Sample collected by G. J. P.Ramos s/n (HUEFS 244148) on 26 February 2017. Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare occurred in periphyton, with quiet and warm waters, associated to filamentous algae. Notes: Micrasterias jenneri Ralfs (1848: 76) has been rarely reported in floristic studies in South America, and the few existing records are from material collected in Brazil (Bicudo & Ventrice 1968, Bicudo & Picelli-Vicentim 1988, Moresco et al. 2009, Bicudo et al. 2015), and generally identified as Micrasterias jenneri var. simplex West (1890: 287). Tomaszewicz (1977) and Sormus (1991) discussed the relationships between the nominate variety and var. simplex , and concluded that the latter variety is a developing morphological expression (i.e., an immature form) of the former, in which the lateral lobes have not undergone a division process. Currently, Micrasterias jenneri var. simplex is considered a taxonomic synonym of Micrasterias jenneri Ralfs (Guiry & Guiry 2018). Regarding the new variety, Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare, a population analysis (ca. 50 specimens examined) indicated that the semicircular outline, broadly rounded in the lateral lobes, is consistent and distinct from the nominate variety (which has an oblong outline) described by Ralfs. The lateral lobes are also slightly different, being more concave in the nominate variety than in var. semicirculare. We therefore consider those features sufficient to propose this taxon as a new variety. Micrasterias jenneri var. semicirculare can be confused with M. denticulata Brébisson ex Ralfs (1848: 70), although the latter differs mainly by having lateral subdivided into lobules of the third or fourth order.

Abstract: 1 b.Agapetes interdicta var. flavifloraY. H. Tong, B. M. Wang & X. L. Guo var. nov. Fig. 1 Type. China • Xizang Autonomous Region: Medog County, Beibeng Xiang, De’ergong Village; 2300–2700 m elev.; 3 April 2024 (fl.); Xiang-Long Guo TYH- 2898 (holotype IBSC, isotype PE). Diagnosis. This new variety differs from the nominate variety in having a yellow and smaller (1.3–1.8 cm) corolla with shorter (2–2.5 mm) lobes and anthers with shorter (ca. 0.2 mm) appendages at the base. Etymology. The variety epithet is derived from its striking yellow flowers. The Chinese name is given as 黄花中型树萝卜 (Chinese pinyin: huáng huā zhōng xíng shù luó bo). Distribution and habitat. This species is currently known only from the type locality, i. e. Medog County, Xizang, China. It grows on the tree trunks under broadleaved forests at elevations of 2300–2700 m. Phenology. The new variety flowers in March to April. Taxonomic notes. Compared to this new variety, the nominate variety, Agapetes interdicta var. interdicta, has a much wider distribution including southeast Xizang and northwest Yunnan of China, and north Myanmar (Fang and Stevens 2005) (Fig. 2). Although the two varieties differ markedly in the colour, size and lobes of corollas, their vegetative parts are nearly the same so that it is difficult to identify them if the material is sterile. It is worth noting that Agapetes interdicta var. interdicta also rarely bears yellow-green flowers, but the differences in corolla size and lobes remain consistent (Fig. 3). The same kind of corolla colour variation also occurs in other Agapetes species, such as A. hosseana, which usually bears red or orange flowers, but some populations have green flowers (Watthana 2015). Except for the corolla colour variation, the differences between this taxon and A. interdicta are mainly presented in some quantitative characters, viz. the size of corollas and the length of appendages at the base of anthers, which seem not significant enough to differentiate them as distinct species. Thus, we recognise this taxon (A. interdicta var. flaviflora) as a new variety rather than a new species. Another variety with narrower calyx lobes, A. interdicta var. stenoloba (W. E. Evans) Sleumer, was merged with the nominate variety by Fang and Stevens (2005). We agree with this treatment because the shapes of calyx lobes of this species can vary from narrowly laceolate to ovate even in a population, such as the Dulongjiang population. A lectotype for this name was designated here incidentally, since two collections were cited in the protologue without clear type designation (Evans 1927). Due to the striking yellow corollas, A. interdicta var. flaviflora has high ornamental value.

Abstract: What accounts for differences in electoral success between male and female candidates? We argue that parties systematically nominate female candidates to districts where the party is less popular, making it harder for women to get elected. Our empirical strategy uses the German mixed electoral system to create counterfactual gender vote gaps. These gaps represent the scenario where male and female candidates are nominated in districts where their respective parties have equal popularity. Using data on all candidates for the German Bundestag across eleven elections, we document that female underperformance, and its variation across parties and election years, is explained almost entirely by women running in districts where their party is less popular. In contrast, we find no evidence that voter bias or candidate characteristics play a substantial role. Our argument highlights gendered party gatekeeping that increases in district strength as an important driver of female underrepresentation.

Abstract: Abstract: In her first column, new NATS President Alexis Davis-Hazell articulates a vision for the relevance of NATS in the 21st century. She reflects on the original objectives of NATS’ charter members and explores questions that help form an organizational outlook reaching into the year 2044. Davis-Hazell introduces a philosophy of retention involving representation of multiple cultural and professional identities, generations, and musical genres within chapter, district, and region leadership. She challenges current members to nominate more independent teachers for leadership positions and to support the investment in technological advancements for the association that will move us toward fulfilling NATS’ vision.

Abstract: Dodia albertae eudiopta Tshistjakov, 1988 Dodia albertae eudiopta Tshistjakov, 1988: 638, fig. 5. Holotype ♂ (ZISP). Type locality: [Russia, Northern Yakutia], Olenek River between Nizhnyaya Tomba River and Alakit River. Diagnosis. It differs from the nominate subspecies by smaller size, lighter wing coloration, and poorly developed processes on the apex of the valva, which are smoothed and blunted (Tshistjakov 1988). Distribution. Russia: Polar Urals, Taimyr (Dubatolov 2010), Northern Yakutia (lower reaches of the Lena and Olenek Rivers) (Tshistjakov 1988). Notes. The taxonomic status of Dodia albertae eudiopta needs to be clarified using of molecular genetic data. As some authors rightly point out (Schmidt & Macaulay 2009; Šumpich et al. 2020), the size and coloration of the wings, as well as the shape of the apical part of the valva, vary greatly among specimens from populations in different regions of Siberia, the Far East, and North America (Fig. 5D).

Abstract: Aulocera pygmaea vadimi Lang, 2019 (Figs. 3, 4, 17, 29 b, 30 b, 31 e) Aulocera atunsensis [sic] vadimi Lang, 2019: 148, figs. 8, 9, 30, 31, 36. TL: Huangtu-liang Pass, Pingwu, Sichuan. Aulocera pygmaea vadimi: Lang, 2021: 23, figs. 15–17; Lang, 2022: 121, pl. XI: 15–19. Aulocera s. [sic] vadimi: H. Huang, 2021: 354. Aulocera atuntsensis vadimi: H. Huang, 2021: 354. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, Holotype of Aulocera atunsensis [sic] vadimi Lang, China: Sichuan, Pingwu, Huangtu-liang Pass, 3300 m, 30.VII.2018, leg. S. Y. Lang (CQMNH); paratypes: 5 ♂♂ 4 ♀♀, Paratypes of Aulocera atunsensis [sic] vadimi Lang, same collecting data (LSY). Diagnosis. This subspecies can be separated from the nominate one by the combination of the following characters: 1) on the forewing upperside the male brand is less prominent than that in the nominate subspecies; 2) the hindwing white discal band in spaces 1b to 3 on both sides is somewhat curved, whereas it is nearly straight in the nominate subspecies; 3) the upper half of the lamina of the androconium (Fig. 31e) is wider than in the nominate subspecies (Fig. 31f). The differential diagnosis with Aulocera longanfua is given in the diagnosis section of the latter, below. Remarks. Although the type localites of Aulocera pygmaea vadimi and the nominate subspecies are not far away from each other, their habitats are two isolated summits which means gene flow between the two populations is unlikely. Considering the morphological differences between the two taxa, this subspecies is retained as valid. Distribution. China (N. Sichuan).

Abstract: Cerceris bupresticida libyca de Beaumont, 1960 Cerceris bupresticida libyca de Beaumont, 1960: 232, ♀. Holotype: ♀, Libya. Comment. Based on de Beaumont (1960): the morphology of this subspecies is completely the same as in the nominate subspecies collected from Siwa Oasis (Egypt); it only differs from the nominate subspecies in the colour pattern (see de Beaumont, 1960: 232). Distribution: PA: Libya.

Abstract: Art 222 Law Number 7 year 2017 concerning General Elections, regulates the provisions of the threshold where the acquisition of seats in the DPR must be 20 percent or obtain valid votes nationally as much as 25 percent then political parties can nominate and nominate pairs of presidential and vice-presidential candidates. Setting the Presidential Threshold in the election of President and Vice President in Indonesia from a constitutional and human rights perspective brings its own problems in the Indonesian constitutional system. The Presidential Threshold system does give rise to privileges for certain parties. This is because only parties that meet the threshold can compete directly in the presidential election. It is for this reason that the privileges of these major parties have given birth to political cartels. What is bad for democracy is that it eliminates equal competition for all potential candidates to contest the Presidential election. The Presidential Threshold is not justified in eliminating or emasculating the meaning of democracy which provides rights and freedoms for citizens. Among the constitutional rights include the right to vote, the right to nominate (the right to be a candidate), and the right to nominate candidates, these are rights guaranteed by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia which everything is reduced because of this Presidential Threshold provision.

Abstract: Over the last 50 years polarization and partisanship have increased both in Congress and among the public, leading to governance characterized by a lack of compromise, incivility, legislative gridlock, and worsening policy outcomes. Despite such polarization and partisanship, some scholars argue that bipartisan lawmaking is alive and well. Drawing inspiration from Fenno’s model of Congress, this paper uses data covering roll calls, electoral returns, lawmaker characteristics, and ideology to investigate what drives minority party lawmakers to cast bipartisan votes in the US House of Representatives from 1973-2021. Regression analyses show that ideology, district partisanship, and characteristics like seniority, gender, and previous legislative experience do not influence minority party lawmakers to cast bipartisan votes on “hard” bills. Instead, the paper finds that ideologically moderate minority party lawmakers, as measured by first dimension NOMINATE scores, cast more bipartisan votes on “easy” bills. Second dimension NOMINATE scores yield diverging results, as Democratic lawmakers with higher second dimension NOMINATE scores cast more bipartisan votes while Republican lawmakers with higher second dimension NOMINATE scores cast fewer bipartisan votes. Furthermore, Democratic lawmakers in swing districts are more likely to cast easy bipartisan votes across all Congresses and Republicans in recent Congresses. Other factors like gender, seniority, and previous legislative experience do not influence easy bipartisan voting. Additionally, this paper also finds that instances of bills with insufficient majority party support and fewer than 20, 30, or 40 minority party votes are rare. This study sheds light on which factors drive minority party lawmakers to engage in bipartisan voting in the US House of Representatives.

Abstract: Subgenus Chrysomorpha Motschulsky, 1860 Ch. cerealis (Linnaeus 1767): TR-A: SAM (Aslan, Gruev et al. 2003; Kippenberg 2010b) Note: According to Kippenberg (2010b), this species is represented by two subspecies in Turkey: The nominate form and Ch. cerealis cyaneoaurata Motschulsky, 1860. It was not possible to give distributional records of subspecies separately, but locality data given above probably belong to the nominate form.