TL;DR: The hypothalamus and limbic structures, known to be involved in emotional behaviour, responded to lithium with specific changes in electrolyte distribution and EEG pattern, respectively, and the effects of lithium treatment, acute and prolonged, on the glutamate and GABA levels in the amygdala and hypothalamus of the rat were studied.
Abstract: LITHIUM salts have been used to treat manic-depressive psychosis1,2 and reduce aggressive behaviour in animals3–5. The hypothalamus and limbic structures, known to be involved in emotional behaviour, responded to lithium with specific changes in electrolyte distribution6 and EEG pattern7, respectively. “Attack” and “flight” behaviour associated with hypothalamic sites was evoked by glutamate and blocked by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)8. We have, therefore, studied the effects of lithium treatment, acute and prolonged, on the glutamate and GABA levels in the amygdala and hypothalamus of the rat.
TL;DR: The main effects on amino acid metabolism resulting from neuronal excitation by NMDA are the reverse of those associated with Nembutal anaesthesia, and the metabolic effects of depressant amino acid action — though possibly complicated by hypoxia in the present investigation — resemble those of the barbiturate.