TL;DR: A “telescope method,” performed under local anesthesia, which consists of making a circumferential incision, pulling out the nipple, and tightening the nipple base, which is a simple, safe, and reliable method for the correction of severely inverted nipples.
Abstract: For female patients, an inverted nipple can result in functional problems, such as difficulty breast feeding, and emotional difficulties because of self-consciousness about the condition. Numerous surgical techniques for inverted nipple correction have been proposed, but none of the methods provides a reliable outcome. Most methods involve releasing retractile ducts and fibrous bands and adding bulk at the base of nipple; however, these techniques can cause injury to normal lactiferous ducts and sensory dysfunction. Herein we describe a "telescope method," performed under local anesthesia, which consists of making a circumferential incision, pulling out the nipple, and tightening the nipple base. With this technique, most lactiferous ducts and parallel sensory nerves that travel through the nipple base are not injured, and the procedure is associated with a less visible scar and nipple deformity than other methods. We report on 23 nipples of 17 patients that were successfully treated with this method. There was no recurrence of nipple inversion or sensory disturbance in the follow-up period. This technique is a simple, safe, and reliable method for the correction of severely inverted nipples.
TL;DR: A classification of breast deformities is presented, addressing the diverse range of pathological conditions, emphasizing the appropriate age for surgery.
Abstract: Breast asymmetry is one of the most frequent deformities that requires mastoplasty. Although surgical treatment is not recommended until after puberty, quite often the problem stems from childhood. Asymmetry is not only related to the volume of the mammary gland, but also the skin structures and nipple–areolar regions. A classification of breast deformities is presented, addressing the diverse range of pathological conditions, emphasizing the appropriate age for surgery. It is classified into congenital and acquired forms. Congenital asymmetry may present with or without chest deformity, and with or without nipple deformity. Acquired deformities are caused by trauma or iatrogenically. Each patient must be treated according to a particular deformity for each breast. For this reason, clinical evaluation and surgical planning are important steps before operation. Surgical treatment may be performed under local anesthesia combined with intravenous sedation under the care of the anesthesiologist. In some patients, reduction mastoplasty is performed on one side and breast augmentation with silicone prosthesis on the opposite side. Other patients may be treated with asymmetrical mastoplasty.
TL;DR: In this article, the utility model relates to a brassiere sponge liner with udder shape perfection, air permeability and heat dissipation, to make users cool and happy.
Abstract: The utility model relates to a brassiere sponge liner with udder shape perfection, air permeability and heat dissipation. Under imitation of nature, the outer top end of a hemisphere sponge liner is imitated with a nipple at the part corresponding to human nipple to perfect udder shape; the inner center of the hemisphere sponge liner is provided with a small concave responding to the nipple to support the growth of nipple, make user convenient, avoid nipple deformity, milk lack and udder disease caused by pressing nipple, to confirm the food of infants; the sponge liner is provided with slots, to permeate air and radiate heat, to make users cool and happy; the face fabric and/or the lining of the brassiere are made with slots, to improve air permeability and heat dissipation. The face fabric of some elasticity covers the hemisphere sponge liner imitating nipple, to display perfect breast appearance.
TL;DR: In this presentation, the anatomy of the fascial structures in the inframammary region as described in the literature and as it has found is described and used to improve the technique of reduction mammaplasty.
Abstract: The inframammary fascial system has been dissected by us in the last 7 years in over 150 reduction mammaplasties or corrections of ptosis, as well as in cadaver dissections. We have found its anatomy to be consistent, notwithstanding differences in its descriptions in the literature. In this presentation, we describe the anatomy of the fascial structures in the inframammary region as described in the literature and as we have found it. We have used our findings to improve our technique of reduction mammaplasty. In our opinion, preservation of the inframammary ligament is essential to avoid postoperative ‘luxation’ of the breast and the high-riding nipple deformity.
TL;DR: In this report, the case of a young woman whose one sided cleft nipple deformity was reconstructed by using a transposition flap is presented.
Abstract: Cleft nipple deformity may be classified as a new defor mity which is different from well known anomalies such as athelia (absence of nipple), polythelia (extra nipples), accessory nipples and inverted nipples. In this report we have tried to present the case of a young woman whose one sided cleft nipple deformity was reconstructed by using a transposition flap.