TL;DR: The New Class of intellectuals and intelligentsia are the relatively more educated counterpart of the old moneyed class as discussed by the authors, often the brothers, sisters, or children of the rich class.
Abstract: The New Class of intellectuals and intelligentsia are the relatively more educated counterpart—often the brothers, sisters, or children—of the old moneyed class The early historical evolution of the New Class in Western Europe, its emergence into the public sphere as structurally differentiated and autonomous social stratum, may be defined in terms of certain critical episodes The special privileges and powers of the New Class are grounded in their individual control of special cultures, languages, techniques, and of the skills resulting from these The New Class is a cultural bourgeoisie who appropriates privately the advantages of a historically and collectively produced cultural capital The New Class's special speech variant stresses the importance of particular modes of justification rather than diffuse precedents or tacit features of the speech context The New Class is a center of opposition to almost all forms of censorship, thus embodying a universal societal interest in a kind of rationality broader than that invested in technology
TL;DR: The concept of Institutional embeddedness and the concept of institutional embeddedness was introduced in the New Class Schema as mentioned in this paper, which is used in the UK, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland.
Abstract: Introduction PART I: LABOUR MARKET TRENDS AND THE THEORY OF A NEW CLASS SCHEMA Class Theorists and the Debate About the End of Class Three Labour Market Trends and their Impact on the Employment Structure Women, the Manual/Non-Manual Divide and the Working Class Horizontal Divisions Within the Middle Class The Construction Logic of a New Class Schema PART II: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EMPLOYMENT STRATIFICATION Operationalization of the New Class Schema The Class Structure of Britain, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland The Distribution of Advantage Within the Class Schema Structural Divisions Within the Schema: Public Employment and Party Support Collapsed Versions of the Detailed Class Schema PART III: CLASS AND THE CONCEPT OF INSTITUTIONAL EMBEDDEDNESS Introducing Institutions: The Concept of Institutional Embeddedness Class Differences in Pension System Integration Class Differences in Trade Union Membership Class Differences in Political Citizenship and Electoral Participation Cumulative Differences in Institutional Embeddedness Concluding Summary Statistical Annexe
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that the class map has to be redrawn in order to grasp these changes in the employment structure and develop the bases of a new class schema that partly shifts its focus from hierarchical divisions to horizontal cleavages.
Abstract: Over the last 30 years, trends such as service sector growth, welfare state expansion and rising female participation rates have promoted increasing heterogeneity within the occupational system. Accordingly, this article argues that the class map has to be redrawn in order to grasp these changes in the employment structure. For that purpose, it develops the bases of a new class schema that partly shifts its focus from hierarchical divisions to horizontal cleavages. The middle class is not conceptualized as a unitary grouping and the manual/non-manual divide is not used as a decisive class boundary. Instead, emphasis is put on differences in marketable skills and the work logic. The schema is expected to more accurately reflect the class location of unskilled service employees and to make visible the political divide within the salaried middle class. This expectation is empirically examined with survey data from Britain, Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Findings for earnings and promotion prospects indicate that the schema successfully captures the hierarchical dimension in the class structure. Moreover, results for party support and union membership suggest that the schema grasps a salient horizontal cleavage between managers and sociocultural professionals.