TL;DR: While frankincense and myrrh have been harvested from a multitude of species, certain species have predominated in history and each oleo-gum-resins has a characteristic odor that is predominately due to a mixture of complex sesquiterpenes.
Abstract: While frankincense and myrrh have been harvested from a multitude of species, certain species have predominated in history.Boswellia carteri andB. frereana are the main sources of frankincense today, whileB. papyrifera was the principal source of antiquity andB. sacra was the principal species of classical times.Commiphora myrrha is the chief source of myrrh today, butC. erythraea was the principal source of ancient and classical times. Each of these oleo-gum-resins has a characteristic odor that is predominately due to a mixture of complex sesquiterpenes.
TL;DR: A blood glucose lowering extract of a mixture of five plants in use by Kuwaiti diabetics was studied and only the extracts of myrrh and aloe gums effectively increased glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic rats.
Abstract: A blood glucose lowering extract of a mixture of five plants in use by Kuwaiti diabetics was studied for the identification of its active component(s). Only the extracts of myrrh and aloe gums effectively increased glucose tolerance in both normal and diabetic rats. The remaining components, gum olibanum,Nigella sativa seeds and gum assafoetida were without effect.
TL;DR: The constituents of the volatile oil, the resin and the gum are outlined in detail and Myrrh has considerable antimicrobial activity and is medicinally used in a variety of diseases.
Abstract: Occurrence, constituents and medicinal use of myrrh, obtained from the stem of different Commiphora species are reviewed. The constituents of the volatile oil, the resin and the gum are outlined in detail. Myrrh has considerable antimicrobial activity and is medicinally used in a variety of diseases.
TL;DR: The flow cytometry results indicated that apoptosis may be a major contributor to the biological efficacy of MCF-7 cells and the anticancer effects of myrrh were markedly increased compared with those of frankincense, however, no significant synergistic effects were identified.
Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the composition and potential anticancer activities of essential oils obtained from two species, myrrh and frankincense, by hydrodistillation. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 76 and 99 components were identified in the myrrh and frankincense essential oils, respectively, with the most abundant components, 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 4-ethynyl-4-hydroxy-3,5,5-trimethyl- and n-Octylacetate, accounting for 12.01 and 34.66%, respectively. The effects of the two essential oils, independently and as a mixture, on five tumor cell lines, MCF-7, HS-1, HepG2, HeLa and A549, were investigated using the MTT assay. The results indicated that the MCF-7 and HS-1 cell lines showed increased sensitivity to the myrrh and frankincense essential oils compared with the remaining cell lines. In addition, the anticancer effects of myrrh were markedly increased compared with those of frankincense, however, no significant synergistic effects were identified. The flow cytometry results indicated that apoptosis may be a major contributor to the biological efficacy of MCF-7 cells.