Topic
Muzzle flash
About: Muzzle flash is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 320 publications have been published within this topic receiving 2835 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
1 / 2
Papers
Patent•
28 May 1999
TL;DR: In this article, a low cost and highly accurate sniper detection and localization system uses observations of the shock wave from supersonic bullets to estimate the bullet trajectory, Mach number, and caliber.
Abstract: A low cost and highly accurate sniper detection and localization system uses observations of the shock wave from supersonic bullets to estimate the bullet trajectory, Mach number, and caliber. If available, muzzle blast observations from an unsilenced firearm is used to estimate the exact sniper location along the trajectory. The system may be fixed or portable and may be wearable on a user's body. The system utilizes a distributed array of acoustic sensors to detect the projectile's shock wave and the muzzle blast from a firearm. The detection of the shock wave and muzzle blast is used to measure the wave arrival times of each waveform type at the sensors. This time of arrival (TOA) information for the shock wave and blast wave are used to determine the projectile's trajectory and a line of bearing to the origin of the projectile. A very accurate model of the bullet ballistics and acoustic radiation is used which includes bullet deceleration. This allows the use of very flexible acoustic sensor types and placements, since the system can model the bullet's flight, and hence the acoustic observations, over a wide area very accurately. System sensor configurations can be as simple as two small three element tetrahedral microphone arrays on either side of the area to be protected or six omnidirectional microphones spread over the area to be monitored. Sensors may also be monitored to a helmet as used with the wearable system. Sensor nodes provide information to a command node via wireless network telemetry or hardwired cables for the command node comprising a computer to effect processing and display.
176 citations
Patent•
27 Aug 2009
TL;DR: In this paper, a silencer for reducing muzzle blast and noise of firearms or similar devices is described, which has a hollow cylindrical or other shape casing comprising front and rear end caps and an opening aligned along a longitudinal axis defining a passage for a projectile and propellant gases to emerge from the muzzle opening.
Abstract: The present invention relates to a silencer for reducing muzzle blast and noise of firearms or similar devices. The present silencer has a hollow cylindrical or other shape casing comprising front and rear end caps and an opening aligned along a longitudinal axis defining a passage for a projectile and propellant gases to emerge from the muzzle opening. A plurality of serially placed baffles of symmetrical or slanted orientation and intervening coaxial spacers are positioned within the casing and define a multitude of chambers among the baffles, spacers, and outer housing. The baffles shear propellant gases away from the projectile path and through openings or ports into additional chambers formed between the spacers and outer housing. The arrangement of baffles and spacers provides flow-impeding paths, dispersion, and controlled expansion of gases and lowers gas temperature to reduce audible noise and observable signature of the muzzle blast.
105 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the structure of the flowfields formed about the muzzle of a small caliber rifle during the firing were measured using a time-resolved, spark shadow-graph technique. But the results were limited.
Abstract: The structure of the flowfields formed about the muzzle of a small caliber rifle during the firing are measured using a time-resolved, spark shadow-graph technique. The initial flow from the muzzle occurs as tube gases are forced out ahead of the projectile. The gas is air and the exit properties are Ve =945 m/sec, Me = 1.48 and Pel POO = 15. A second flowfield forms upon separation of the projectile which releases the propellant gases. After an initial, in-bore expansion, the propellant gas muzzle properties are Ve=\29S m/sec, Afe = 1.0, and Pe/Poo =600. While the exit properties are different, the flowfields develop in a similar manner. In the axial or downrange direction, strong coupling between the jet and blast fields is observed; however, along the lateral boundaries, the coupling is very weak with the jet structure remaining invariant once established. Motion of observable discontinuities along the axis of symmetry is shown to qualitatively agree with variable energy blast wave theory. At late times, the air blast and jet flows are shown to uncouple and decay independently.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a finite difference solution is developed for the unsteady compressible flow between the Mach disk and the blast wave, assuming spherical symmetry, to obtain a quantitative representation of the inviscid gas dynamics of the blast field.
Abstract: The muzzle blast field generated by a gun-launched high-velocity projectile is characterized by a highly underexpanded supersonic exhaust plume, which terminates at a strong shock (the Mach disk), an expanding front of exhaust gases (the contact surface), and an expanding, nearly spherical outer shock (the blast wave). The present study is directed toward theoretical description of the inviscid gas dynamics of the blast field. The rioted features are discussed in terms of well-establis hed theories for spherical blast waves with variable energy release and for steady underexpanded plumes, from which their interaction can be qualitatively described. To obtain a quantitative representation, a finite difference solution is developed for the unsteady compressible flow between the Mach disk and the blast wave, assuming spherical symmetry. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental measurements of the motion of the blast wave, the contact surface and Mach disk for a 3200 fps round fired from an M16 rifle. a B C d E
65 citations
TL;DR: A wireless sensor network-based wearable countersniper system prototype is presented that has been tested multiple times at the US Army Aberdeen Test Center and the Nashville Police Academy and close to 100% weapon estimation accuracy for 4 out of the 6 guns tested.
56 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 3 |
| 2020 | 6 |
| 2019 | 8 |
| 2018 | 10 |
| 2017 | 6 |
| 2016 | 13 |