TL;DR: In this article, a new model was proposed to calculate borehole failures and minimum mud weight along borehole trajectories with various drilling orientations versus bedding directions, and a new correlation was developed to allow for predicting uniaxial compressive strengths in weak rocks from sonic velocities.
TL;DR: In this paper, the use of Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) to formally account for the uncertainty in each input parameter to assess the probability of achieving a desired degree of wellbore stability at a given mud weight is presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, a borehole-stability model that uniquely couples the mechanical and chemical aspects of drilling-fluid/shale interactions was developed, which allows the user to determine the optimum drilling parameters (e.g., mud weight and salt concentration) to alleviate borehole stability-related problems with oil- or water-based drillingfluid systems.
Abstract: A borehole-stability model that uniquely couples the mechanical and chemical aspects of drilling-fluid/shale interactions was developed. The model allows the user to determine the optimum drilling parameters (e.g., mud weight and salt concentration) to alleviate borehole-stability-related problems with oil- or water-based drilling-fluid systems. Chemically induced stress alteration based on the thermodynamics of differences in water molar free energies of the drilling fluid and shale is combined with mechanically induced stress. These two potentials are coupled by use of the framework of poroelasticity theory to formulate the physiochemical basis of this borehole-stability model
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of Koninklijke Shell E P Laboratorium's research on borehole stability in shales is presented, including pore pressure penetration, capillary threshold pressures, compressive and tensile failure, post-failure stabilization, hydration stress, inhibition, and osmotic phenomena.
Abstract: Downhole mud/shale interaction can only be properly understood if rock mechanical, shale hydration, and fluid transport phenomena are taken into account. This paper presents a review of Koninklijke Shell E P Laboratorium's research on borehole stability in shales. Mechanisms relevant to shale stability, including pore pressure penetration (the gradual increase in pore pressure resulting from high mud weight), capillary threshold pressures, compressive and tensile failure, postfailure stabilization, hydration stress, inhibition, and osmotic phenomena are discussed. The authors attempt to integrate these mechanisms into a comprehensive model for shale behavior.