Mountain gorilla

Abstract: Preface Part I. Introduction: 1. The socioecology of primate males: history and theory Peter M. Kappeler Part II. Comparative Perspectives on Male-Female Association: 2. Multi-male breeding groups in birds: ecological causes and social conflicts Nick B. Davies 3. Males in macropod society Peter Jarman 4. Social counterstrategies against infanticide by males in primates and other mammals Carel van Schaik Part III. Variation in Male Numbers: Taxon-Level Analyses: 5. Causes and consequences of unusual sex ratios in lemurs Peter M. Kappeler 6. The number of adult males in callitrichine groups and its implications for callitrichine social evolution Eckhard W. Heymann 7. From binding brotherhoods to short-term sovereignty: the betwixting dilemma of male Cebidae Karen B. Strier 8. The number of males in guenon groups Marina Cords 9. Socioecology of baboons: the interaction of male and female strategies Robert A. Barton 10. Variation in adult sex ratios of red colobus monkey social groups: implications for interspecific comparisons Thomas T. Struhsaker 11. The number of males in langur groups: monopolizability of females or demographic process? Elisabeth H. M. Sterck and Jan A. R. A. M. van Hooff 12. Costs and benefits of the one-male, age-graded and all-male phase in wild Thomas langur groups Romy Steenbeek, Elisabeth H. M. Sterck, Han de Vries and Jan A. R. A. M. van Hooff 13. Male dispersal and mating season influxes in Hanuman langurs living in multi-male groups Carola Borries 14. Rethinking monogamy: the gibbon case Volker Sommer and Ulrich Reichard 15. Causes and consequences of variation in male mountain gorilla life histories and group membership David P. Watts Part IV. Behavioural Aspects of Male Coexistence: 16. Relationships among nonhuman primate males: a deductive framework Jan A. R. A. M. van Hooff 17. Collective benefits, free-riders and male extragroup conflict Charles L. Nunn 18. Dominance, egalitarianism and stalemate: an experimental approach to male-male competition in Barbary macaques Signe Preuschoft and Andreas Paul Part V. Evolutionary Determinants and Consequences: 19. The evolution of male philopatry in neotropical monkeys Theresa Pope 20. Models of outcome and process: predicting the number of males in primate groups Jeanne Altmann 21. Why are male chimpanzees more gregarious than mothers? A scramble competition hypothesis Richard W. Wrangham 22. Male mating strategies: a modeling approach Robin I. M. Dunbar Part VI. Conclusions: 23. Understanding male primates Michael E. Pereira, Timothy H. Clutton-Brock and Peter M. Kappeler References Index.

Abstract: Sustainable Tourism comprehensively examines the theoretical and applied dimensions of contemporary sustainable tourism from a global perspective. Using international case studies and examples, it provides cutting edge coverage of the latest developments in the area, both theoretically and practically. It takes the reader through all aspects of sustainable tourism from the emergence of the paradigm to sustainability issues in all types of tourism and all components of the industry. Divided into 11 chapters it covers Alternative tourism (AT), or small-scale tourism and its associated pros and cons Sustainable tourism within the conventional mass tourism sector: the "green consumer", transportation, accommodation, attractions and tour operator considering issues and developments in quality control Destination sustainability: issues of community empowerment and ideal sustainability models Conclusions for the future of sustainable tourism The wide variety of international case studies used include: backpacking in Australia and Spain, Volunteer tourism in the US, Six Continents and Marriott hotels, Disney World, the Grand Prix, the Grand Canyon, mountain gorilla parks in Uganda and many more. Specifically written for courses in the specific topic area of sustainable tourism, this textbook considers the needs of both students and lecturers as follows: Ideal for a semester course (or a 42-hour course) Global perspective throughout the chapters and in the breadth of illustrative boxed case studies; Chapters exceptionally well-integrated through frequent cross-references End-of-chapter questions that prompt deeper integrative thinking on the part of the reader. Online resources for the lecturer, including PowerPoint presentations and multiple choice exercises

Abstract: Mountain gorillas are an endangered great ape subspecies and a prominent focus for conservation, yet we know little about their genomic diversity and evolutionary past. We sequenced whole genomes from multiple wild individuals and compared the genomes of all four Gorilla subspecies. We found that the two eastern subspecies have experienced a prolonged population decline over the past 100,000 years, resulting in very low genetic diversity and an increased overall burden of deleterious variation. A further recent decline in the mountain gorilla population has led to extensive inbreeding, such that individuals are typically homozygous at 34% of their sequence, leading to the purging of severely deleterious recessive mutations from the population. We discuss the causes of their decline and the consequences for their future survival.