Mottle

Abstract: Summary Three new groups (phleum mottle virus, southern bean mosaic virus and carnation mottle virus groups) are proposed for plant viruses which have small spherical particles sedimenting as a single component and each containing a single RNA species. The grouping is based on a range of characters including sedimentation coefficient, stabilization of the capsid, banding behaviour in Cs2SO4, protein subunit molecular weight and distribution of particles within the cell.

Abstract: In July 2013, a melon (Cucumis melo var. Saski) field in Yolo County, California, was inspected as part of a phytosanitary inspection for seed production. The leaves of the plants showed mosaic, green mottle, and blotches. When plant sap was examined using a transmission electron microscope, rigid rod-shaped particles were observed. Melon plant samples were analyzed by both CDFA and USDA APHIS PPQ laboratories and tested positive using DAS-ELISA against Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). To confirm the presence of CGMMV, total RNA was analyzed by RT-PCR using primers CGMMV-F5370 5′-CTAATTATTCTGTCGTGGCTGCGGATGC-3′ and CGMMV-R6390 5′-CTTGCAGAATTACTGCCCATA-3′ designed by PPQ based on 21 genomic sequences of CGMMV found worldwide. The 976-bp amplicon was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KJ453559) and BLAST analysis showed the sequence was 95% identical to MP and CP region of CGMMV isolates reported from Russia (GQ495274, FJ848666), Spain (GQ411361), and Israel (KF155231), and 92%...

Abstract: Published by the College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources (CTAHR) and issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under the Director/Dean, Cooperative Extension Service/CTAHR, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822. Copyright 2011, University of Hawai‘i. For reproduction and use permission, contact the CTAHR Office of Communication Services, ocs@ctahr.hawaii.edu, 808-956-7036. The university is an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution providing programs and services to the people of Hawai‘i without regard to race, sex, gender identity and expression, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, marital status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or status as a covered veteran. Find CTAHR publications at www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/freepubs. M (Zea mays L., corn) ranks as the second largest crop in the world, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The annual yield of maize in 2009 exceeded 800 million tons, and its value exceeded $51 billion (FAOSTAT 2009). Maize has become an integral part of modern society: It is a staple food for humans and livestock and has a variety of other uses. Corn has also become Hawai‘i’s most valuable crop. Seed crops are Hawai‘i’s most valuable farm commodities. In 2008, seed corn made up 95% of the seed market and was valued at $213.6 million (Statistics of Hawaii Agriculture 2009). Eleven farms grew corn seed crops that year on over 6,300 acres. Farmers also grew 400 acres of sweet corn, valued at more than $1.23 million. With ever more acres being devoted to sweet corn, forage, feed grain, biofuel, and popcorn, maize has become essential to Hawai‘i’s modern agricultural economy. A range of important insects, weeds, and plant pathogens cause damage to corn in Hawai‘i. Among the pathogens, fungi and viruses cause yield-limiting diseases to which temperate-climate field corn and Maize Chlorotic Mottle