TL;DR: In this article, a novel form of ferric iron oxyhydroxide-rich moss agate, taken from the flanks of the TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) submarine hydrothermal mound at 26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge, is described.
Abstract: This study documents a novel form of ferric iron oxyhydroxide-rich moss agate, taken from the flanks of the TAG (Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse) submarine hydrothermal mound at 26°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The genesis of the agate is related to a series of rapid irreversible changes, with cooling across a redox and pH front separating oxidizing highly viscous siliceous gels from a mixed pyrite–iron oxide sediment. This study shows a fraction of the inorganic self-organized mechanisms of mineralogical, textural, and geochemical patterning operative within these far from equilibrium settings, and how iron inclusion morphologies suggestive of a biogenic origin may be generated by inorganic processes.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the origins and Genesis of the Thunder Eggs Containing Plume and Moss Agate and their role in the formation of the world's largest thunder eggs.
Abstract: (2002). Occurrence and Genesis of Thunder Eggs Containing Plume and Moss Agate. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 252-268.
TL;DR: The list of naturally occurring element combinations that are useful in methods, as well as compositions and devices, for carrying out vibrational therapies is given in this paper, which includes: (a) at least one natural occurring element selected from a first group consisting of charoite, pearl, rubellite, rebuilt with quartz, and ryolite; and (b) a second group selected from the second group comprising alexandrite, amazonite, amber, amethyst, aquamarine, aventurine, azurite, bloodstone, calc
Abstract: Naturally occurring element combinations that are useful in methods, as well as compositions and devices, for carrying out vibrational therapies. These naturally occurring element combinations comprise: (a) at least one naturally occurring element selected from a first group consisting of charoite, pearl, rubellite, rebuilt with quartz, and ryolite; and (b) at least one naturally occurring element selected from a second group consisting of alexandrite, amazonite, amber, amethyst, aquamarine, aventurine, azurite, bloodstone, calcite, carelian, celestite, chrysoprase, citrine, copper, diamond, dioptase, emerald, fluorite, garnet, gold, hematite, Herkimer diamond, jade, jasper, kunzite pink, lapis lazuli, lepidolite, malchite, manganese, moonstone (e.g., rainbow moonstone), moss agate, obsidian, onyx (e.g., black onyx), opal, pearl, peridot, pyrite, quartz crystal, rhodochrosite, rhodonite, rose quartz, ruby, rutilated quartz, smoky quartz, sugilite, sodalite, sapphire, silver, tiger eye, topaz, tourmaline, turquoise and zircon.
TL;DR: Two examples of his discoveries which are of fundamental significance in geology are briefly presented in this paper: bacterially mediated precipitation of dolomite, and microbial dissolution of quartz in an Alpine environment.
Abstract: For almost 50 years, Johannes Neher's research emphasized the significant role of microbes in geological processes He has been searching for microbial evidence in the formation of silicates, such as cornelian, jasper, moss agate, chalcedony, and chrysocolla, as well as quartzites, itacolumnites, diamonds, dendrites on calcite, silicate horizons in limestone beds, and dolomite phenocrysts that formed in a biotite gneiss Johannes Neher has never published his research and, thus, has caused opposition and disbelief amongst scientists Two examples of his discoveries which are of fundamental significance in geology are briefly presented in this paper: (1) bacterially mediated precipitation of dolomite, and (2) microbial dissolution of quartz in an Alpine environment
TL;DR: In this article, the use of powder diffraction to identify crystalline inclusions in bulk gemstones highlighting Mo Kα radiation to penetrate within compact gems was investigated and rutile diffraction peaks were more conspicuous in the Mo pattern than in the Cu pattern.
Abstract: Gemstones are pieces of materials that once cut and polished are used as jewels or adornments. Gemstones may be single crystal (such as diamonds), polycrystalline (such as lapis lazuli), or amorphous (such as amber). In any case, gems may have inclusions that may yield a variety of optic effects. It is also important to unravel the crystal structure of the inclusion(s) in order to determine the origin of the gem and to help to understand their formation mechanism. Here, we expand the use of powder diffraction to identify crystalline inclusions in bulk gemstones highlighting Mo Kα radiation to penetrate within compact gems. Initially, rock crystal quartz with rutile needles was investigated and rutile diffraction peaks were more conspicuous in the Mo pattern than in the Cu pattern. Next, rock crystal quartz with beetle legs was characterized and the red iron oxide inclusion was identified as hematite. The study of a fake gem, glass showing aventurine effect, gave the diffraction peaks of metallic copper. Later, polycrystalline gems, moss agate, and aventurine quartz were also studied. The powder patterns of these compact gemstones could be successfully fitted using the Rietveld method. Finally, we discuss opportunities for further improvements in laboratory powder diffraction to characterize inclusions in compact gems.