Mood-dependent memory

Abstract: This article provides a critical review of the empirical literature on the role of depression and elation in biasing mnemonic processing. Two classes of effects—state dependence and mood congruence—are examined. The latter, which involves the enhanced encoding and/or retrieval of material the affect

Abstract: 1. Introduction: the role of affect in social cognition Joseph P. Forgas Part I. Fundamental Issues: The Interplay of Affect and Cognition: 2. Nonconscious and noncognitive affect Robert Zajonc 3. Challenge and threat: the interplay of affect and cognition Jim Blascovich and Wendy Berry Mendes 4. Affect and appraisal Craig A. Smith and Leslie D. Kirby Part II. The Informational Role of Affect: 5. Cognitive and clinical perspectives on mood dependent memory Eric Eich and Dawn Macauley 6. Some conditions affecting overcorrection of the judgment-distorting influence of one's feelings Leonard Berkowitz, Sara Jaffee, Eunkyung Jo and Bartholomeu T. Troccoli 7. Mood as input: a configural view of mood effects Leonard L. Martin 8. Affective forecasting and durability bias: the problem of the invisible shield Dan Gilbert Part III. Affect and Information Processing: 9. Mood and general knowledge structures: happy moods and their impact on information processing Herbert Bless 10. A connectionist approach to understanding the impact of mood on cognitive functions of assimilation and accommodation 11. The role of different processing strategies in mediating mood effects on cognition Joseph P. Forgas Part IV. Affect and Social Knowledge Structures: 12. Self-organization in emotional contexts Carolin Showers 13. Prologues to a unified theory of affect, attitudes, stereotypes, and self-concept Anthony Greenwald 14. Interpersonal emotions, social cognition, and self-relevant thought Mark Leary 15. Emotional response categorization Paula Niedenthal 16. Integration and conclusions Joseph P. Forgas.

Abstract: Events that originate through internal mental operations such as reasoning, imagination, and thought may be more colored by or connected to one's current mood than are those that emanate from external sources. If so, then a shift in mood state, between the occasions of event encoding and event retrieval, should have a greater adverse impact on one's memory for internal than for external events. To investigate this inference, a series of studies was conducted that relied on a continuous music technique to modify mood, and on the generate/read procedures devised by Slamecka and Graf (1978) to distinguish internal from external events. Considered collectively, the results suggest that internal events are less likely than external events to be recalled after a shift in mood state. Discussion centers on both the empirical limitations and theoretical implications of the present results, as well as on prospects for future research. This article addresses the state dependent effects of moods on memory for internal as opposed to external events. To paraphrase Johnson and Raye (1981), internal events are those that originate through mental operations such as reasoning, imagination, and thought, whereas external events refer to sensory stimuli that are apprehended, or brought into awareness, via the processes of perception. Though the distinction is neither rigid nor precise--thought tends to reflect perception, and perception, thought--differences between memories derived principally from internal versus external sources do exist. For instance, several studies have shown that

Abstract: Though it has sometimes been shown that events encoded in a certain state of affect or mood are most retrievable in that state, neither the circumstances under which mood dependent memory (MDM) occurs nor the mechanisms that enable its emergence are as yet well understood The purpose of the research reviewed here is to clarify these circumstances and mechanisms To this end, the research focuses on four factors that appear to play pivotal roles in the occurrence of MDM These factors are (a) the nature of the target events or the manner in which they are encoded (i e, are events generated through internal mental processes such as reasoning, imagination, or thought more apt to be forgotten following a shift in mood state than are events that emanate mainly from external sources?), (b) the nature of the retrieval task (is it possible to demonstrate mood dependence using implicit rather than explicit measures of memory?), (c) efficacy of mood modification (do strong, stable, and authentic affective states prom...