TL;DR: Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in its pure form is highly unstable, yet some organisms produce stable ACC, and cases are known in which ACC functions as a transient precursor of more stable crystalline aragonite or calcite.
Abstract: Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) in its pure form is highly unstable, yet some organisms produce stable ACC, and cases are known in which ACC functions as a transient precursor of more stable crystalline aragonite or calcite. Studies of biogenic ACC show that there are significant structural differences, including the observation that the stable forms are hydrated whereas the transient forms are not. The many different ways in which ACC can be formed in vitro shed light on the possible mechanisms involved in stabilization, destabilization, and transformation of ACC into crystalline forms of calcium carbonate. We show here that ACC is a fascinating form of calcium carbonate that may well be of much interest to materials science and biomineralization.
TL;DR: In this article, it was demonstrated that amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was the first phase formed and the magnesium content of the ACC was defined by the Mg:Ca ratio in the solution.
TL;DR: Beachrock formation and degradation along the shores of the Gulf of Aqaba (Sinai) were studied in the field and at the laboratory in this paper, where different types of beachrock were found, including laminated rocks.
Abstract: Beachrock formation and degradation along the shores of the Gulf of Aqaba (Sinai) were studied in the field and at the laboratory. Different types of beachrock were found, including laminated rocks. Rates of photosynthesis and respiration were studied under high‐and low‐tide conditions. Epilithic, chasmolithic, and endolithic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and algae were studied quantitatively. Bacterial contribution to carbonate precipitation and cementation was estimated in thin sections and by laboratory experiments. Precipitation of aragonite and monohydrocalcite was observed at salinities between 28‰ and 45‰. Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) were high at initial stages of beachrock formation and extremely low in final rock. Anaerobic and later aerobic decay processes initiate carbonate precipitation. A model is suggested that places beachrock as an intermediate between cyanobacterial influenced subtidal and su‐pratidal rocks. Formation, cementation, and ...
TL;DR: The structure of synthetically prepared additive-free amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) contains molecular water, a small amount of mobile hydroxide, and no hydrogencarbonate, which supports the concept of ACC as a transient precursor in the formation of calciumcarbonate biominerals.
Abstract: The calcium carbonate phases calcite, aragonite, vaterite, monohydrocalcite (calcium carbonate monohydrate), and ikaite (calcium carbonate hexahydrate) were studied by solid-state NMR spectroscopy ( (1)H and (13)C). Further model compounds were sodium hydrogencarbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and calcium hydroxide. With the help of these data, the structure of synthetically prepared additive-free amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was analyzed. ACC contains molecular water (as H 2O), a small amount of mobile hydroxide, and no hydrogencarbonate. This supports the concept of ACC as a transient precursor in the formation of calcium carbonate biominerals.
TL;DR: In this paper, a consolidating product based on nanoparticles of slaked lime (Ca(OH)2) dispersed in isopropyl alcohol was exposed under different relative humidities (RH), 33, 54, 75, and 90% during 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.