Abstract: Strategic entrepreneurship (SE) involves simultaneous opportunity-seeking and advantage seeking behaviors and results in superior firm performance. On a relative basis, small,entrepreneurial ventures are effective in identifying opportunities but are less successful in developing competitive advantages needed to appropriate value from those opportunities. In contrast, large, established firms often are relatively more effective in establishing competitive advantages but are less able to identify new opportunities. We argue that SE is a unique, distinctive construct through which firms are able to create wealth. An entrepreneurial mindset, an entrepreneurial culture and entrepreneurial leadership, the strategic management of resources and applying creativity to develop innovations are important dimensions of SE. Herein we develop a model of SE that explains how these dimensions are integrated to create wealth.

Abstract: The relationship between corporate sustainability and organizational culture seems to be underestimated within the discussion of sustainable development. The research presented in this paper is based on a case study conducted in the mining industry. The hypothesis is that ambitious corporate sustainability activities and strategies have to be embedded in the organizational culture in order to be successful. If aspects of sustainable development are not part of the mindset of leaders and members of the organization, corporate sustainability activities will not affect the core business efficiently and are more likely to fail. The model of Schein for organizational culture is used to characterize corporate sustainability strategies: introverted, extroverted, conservative and visionary strategies are distinguished. Each strategy is assessed regarding the relation and the integration in the levels of organizational culture according to the model of Schein. The model consists of three levels, i.e. artifacts, values and basic assumptions. This framework is used for a case-study to identify the organizational culture of a global leading mining company. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.

Abstract: Perceptions - Looking at the World through Entrepreneurial Lenses.- Towards A Contextual Model of Entrepreneurial Intentions.- An 'informed' intent model: incorporating human capital, social capital and gender variables into the theoretical model of entrepreneurial intentions.- Entrepreneurial Intentions are Dead Long Live Entrepreneurial Intentions.- Cognitive Maps in Entrepreneurship: Researching Sense Making and Action.- Entrepreneurial Scripts and Entrepreneurial Expertise: The Information Processing Perspective.- The Entrepreneurial Mind and Behavior.- The role of emotions and cognitions in entrepreneurial decision-making.- Collective Passion in Entrepreneurial Teams.- Why? Attributions About and By Entrepreneurs.- Self-efficacy: Conditioning the Entrepreneurial Mindset.- Perceptions of Efficacy, Control, and Risk: A Theory of Mixed Control.- Entrepreneurial Decision-Making: Thinking under Uncertainty.- Entrepreneurial Alertness and Opportunity Identification: where are we now?- Entrepreneurial Behavior: Its Nature, Scope, Recent Research and Agenda for Future Research.-

Abstract: Since Bandura’s original work (Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs, 1977a), the self-efficacy concept has become an important variable within social psychology research. However, it has also been invoked in numerous other areas of research: organization theory, human resource theory, cognition and behavioral theory, as well as identity theory, in connection with topics such as health, stress, leadership, commitment, ethnicity, religion, gender, culture, social class, because it emphasizes values that we perceive as important in the Western world such as achievement and performance (Annu Rev Sociol 15: 291–316, 1989).

Abstract: In this article we introduce “global mindset” as an individual-level variable to help explain the effectiveness of managers leading change in international contexts. We describe and analyze an organization change effort at Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products Brazil with a focus on the degree to which the change leader possessed the intellectual, psychological, and social capitals that compose a global mindset. This is an exploratory analysis intended to help map out the key characteristics of managers associated with effectively leading change in cross-culturally complex situations.

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to report on an online questionnaire which focused on translator and interpreter perception of their working world, their mindset or Weltanshauung , and the impact of Translation Studies and university training on that world. Questions, both closed and open-ended, addressed academic/professional training, present role(s) and attitudes and beliefs about ‘the profession’ itself. Nearly 1000 respondents replied to the questionnaire worldwide. Particular questions focused on how translation should be taught, the role and status of the profession (ideally and in practice), and on personal satisfaction. The results show that university training has had little impact, and that this group of respondents have relatively little interest in the university itself in comparison with lifelong learning, with most emphasis placed on practice and self-development. Members of the group feel themselves to be ‘professional’ due to their specialized knowledge and abilities. However, their professionalism is mainly limited to their responsibilities to the text itself, and there is relatively little interest in the wider context. They are acutely aware of the lack of public recognition, and both the interpreters and the translators agree that translators in particular suffer from a markedly lower social status. However, only a minority of the respondents feel the need to change the status quo and satisfy trait theory criteria regarding professional recognition, possibly because the vast majority of respondents are more than satisfied with their job. In conclusion, it appears that translation can still only be categorized as an occupation rather than as a profession, and it is suggested that a new role be created with its own university course to cater to the professional language provider.

Abstract: If the full impact of the transformation of the school counseling profession is to be enacted, it is incumbent upon school counselor educators to model the same skills and professional mindset that are expected of practicing school counselors. Specifically, school counselor educators can serve as leaders within their educational communities in order to promote systemic change that will remove barriers to student success. The notion of school counselor educators as educational leaders represents a philosophical and behavioral congruence that churns the professional ecosystem, from the professor to the practitioner to the P-12 student. This article outlines the role that school counselor educators can play in modeling leadership and other essential skills for the profession.

Abstract: This book aims to explore the contribution made by mental toughness to sporting achievement. It introduces the concept of mental toughness through a series of anecdotes and references by contemporary sports people and then discusses way in which mental toughness can be measured and developed by athletes in training for competition. The book is aimed at undergraduate students and lecturers of sport psychology and competitive sportspeople who are keen to develop their performance. Chapter 1 introduces the notion of a winning mind set and its relationship to personality. The author uses a wealth of anecdotal evidence from high-profile sportspeople, coaches, and journalists to emphasize the importance of mental toughness in success at the highest levels of sport. Although there is an impressive list of credible support for the importance of the mental toughness ingredient, some of the key concepts are used rather interchangeably. Whilst there is general agreement about the importance of mental skills in sport, the importance of personality, personality profile or personality characteristics has been shown to be slightly more equivocal. The case of mental toughness is well made though, and there is an interesting debate about the philosophy of winning in sport and how it may develop with athletic experience. Chapter 2 aims to define and characterise the content of mental toughness in relation to published work. Some of the conclusions are drawn from anecdotal testimony and from personality profiles, an approach that is somewhat controversial given the view that mental toughness may be a collection of mental skills, rather than a personality type or characteristic. However, the chapter does conclude that mental toughness can best be thought of as a state of mind to be adopted by athletes in training and competition and this clarifies the situation satisfactorily. The author discusses the specificity of mental toughness between different sport contexts and characterises mental toughness as a ‘‘moderator of the stress response’’. Chapter 3 considers the phenomenon of mental toughness from a more theoretical perspective. Although the first section of the book spent time outlining the nature of the mental toughness phenomenon in a popular style, the author now considers the theoretical backgrounds that may explain the efficacy of mental toughness in competitive frameworks. The book links mental toughness to the transtheoretical model, the cognitive-affective processing system, and personality theory. This section of the chapter would be of particular interest to sport psychology lecturers and consultants who like to reflect on their own theoretical stance to support work. The chapter also explores the likelihood that the mental toughness is a mind set that can yield benefits beyond sport and clinical settings. In Chapter 4, the author explores the measurement of mental toughness and emphasizes the need for a valid and reliable method of assessment to test the efficacy of intervention programmes. The author reminds the reader of the very limited evidence to support a causal link between mental toughness and success in sport, and highlights the problems associated with predicting success in sport on the basis of mental skills application. The chapter reviews a number of contemporary questionnaires to assess mental toughness, including the Sports Performance Inventory, The Mental Toughness 48, and The Mental Toughness Scale, and compares them to the Psychological Performance Inventory. This section is particularly useful to undergraduate students who aim to develop their critical appraisal of journal articles that claim a link between mental skills and sports performance. The chapter concludes by outlining the development of the Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ), which proposes the key subscales of confidence, constancy, and control in the measurement of mental toughness. While the chapter describes the confirmatory factor analysis, validity and reliability tests that have taken place to date, it also outlines the continuing validation work that is taking place in a range of different languages. Chapter 5 emphasizes the importance of nurture in the development of mental toughness and outlines the developmental stages for acquiring a set of mental skills through the early middle and later stages of a competitive career. The author also discusses the importance of parental influence and the practice environment at an early stage and the necessary evolution towards increased competition and the use of advanced strategies (including Journal of Sports Sciences, December 2009; 27(14): 1627–1628

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the entrepreneurial mindset of students after following an entrepreneurship education course. Several teaching techniques were utilized to infuse entrepreneurial skills and behaviour among students in the university settings. A modified version of entrepreneurial directed approach as discussed in the literature was adapted to conduct the study. Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative research method. Findings indicate that the entrepreneurial directed approach had broadened students’ entrepreneurial understanding, and students are able to develop the entrepreneurial skills and behaviour required for their studies. The paper discusses practical implications for university entrepreneurship learning to guide students to have an entrepreneurial mindset.

Abstract: 1. Introduction: The Conservative Party and One Nation, Food For Thought? Part One. The Conservative Mindset. 2.One Nation Conservatism: Ethos and Doctrine Apart? 3.Pamphleteers: 'Let the Dog See the Rabbit'. 4.A Great Moving Left Show? 5.Doctrinal Factions or Tendency Ethos? Part Two. Domestic Policy. 6.Party Policy 1950-1974. 7.Party Policy 1975-2005. Part Three. Overseas Policy. 8.Europe and Beyond. 9.Conclusion: Further refreshment at the springs of doctrine? Bibliography.

Abstract: Talent development in Thailand and Malaysian service firms has become a prioritized human resource management practice as these societies move toward knowledge-based economies. This paper discusses talent management in the social, organizational and managerial context of firms in Thailand and Malaysia, and argues that such structures often counterbalance investments made in talent development. The paper concludes that new human resource management practices do not produce a difference per se. It is the mindset and attitude of various managers that makes the difference. The learning for practitioners is that they need to adapt existing social and organizational structures to their new human resource management practices. The paper is based mainly on qualitative interviews with human resource managers from Thai and Malaysian service firms.

Abstract: We collected advice on how to succeed at learning to program from 164 CS1 students at 3 institutions during a "saying is believing" intervention designed to encourage a growth mindset. More students gave general advice (63%) than programming-specific (23%) or attitudinal advice (34%), despite being prompted to encourage future students to develop a growth mindset toward programming. Advice categories and quotes offer educators insights into student beliefs and practices and suggest a framework for considering how best to advise students. We discuss the implications of students offering advice to other students and provide a handout of representative advice intended for distribution to students in introductory programming courses.

Abstract: We present six studies demonstrating that outcome information biases ethical judgments of others' ethically-questionable behaviors. In particular, we show that the same behaviors produce more ethical condemnation when they happen to produce bad rather than good outcomes, even if the outcomes are determined by chance. Our studies show that individuals judge behaviors as less ethical, more blameworthy, and punish them more harshly, when such behaviors led to undesirable consequences, even if they saw those behaviors as acceptable before they knew its consequences. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that a rational, analytic mindset can override the effects of one's intuitions in ethical judgments. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.

Abstract: Purpose: This study assessed the impact of stuttering via a questionnaire in which fluent individuals were asked to assume the mindset of persons who stutter (PWS) in various life a

Abstract: hether you run a giant corporation or work in a small business, it’s more than likely that you regularly deal with people of different cultures—from customers and suppliers to salespeople and colleagues. It simply can’t be overstated: You will have trouble succeeding in business today if you don’t appreciate and know how to actively manage global cultural diversity. Managing Across Cultures examines why people around the world behave as they do and provides actionable tactics for succeeding in today’s global business environment. Experts in the field of cross-cultural training, Michael Schell and Charlene Solomon describe seven readily recognizable behaviors and explain what they mean, how to interpret them, and most importantly, how to respond to them. Managing Across Cultures is filled with case studies illustrating the importance of understanding and dealing with cultural differences in all aspects of business. You’ll learn how: Intel’s powerful global corporate culture is a critical element of its historic success Colgate-Palmolive integrates cultural understanding into its global marketing programs GE adapts its effective management style to local business cultures You’ll also find out how underestimating cultural influence caused serious problems for organizations like DaimlerChrysler and Wal-Mart. Managing Across Cultures takes you far beyond other books that simply catalog the customs, gestures, and language vagaries of other cultures. This in-depth, strategic guide will help in every facet of business—from hiring and motivating employees to developing winning sales pitches and marketing campaigns. Table of contents PART 1: Cultural Wisdom 1. Why Becoming CultureWise is More Important than Ever Before for Business Success PART 2: What is Culture and What is Personal Style? 2. What is Culture? Understanding the CW Cultural Dimension and Your Personal Style 3. Hierarchy 4. Formality 5. Group Dependence 6. Relationships/Connections 7. Communication Styles 8. Time Orientation 9. Control 10. Motivation Work/Life Balance PART 3: Putting CultureWise to Work 11. Creating a Global Mindset 12. Working with Diverse Colleagues and being on a Global Team 13. Effective Leadership Across Cultures: Creating Global Strategies to Manage Culturally Diverse Workforce 14. Special Issues Women Managers Encounter 15. Becoming CultureWise on an International Assignment

Abstract: Science teachers struggle with meeting curricular goals outlined by professional organizations within the constraints of traditional school. Engaging science learners as a community who collaboratively and creatively co-construct scientific understanding through inquiry requires teachers to adopt new tools as well as a different mindset about the kind of classroom culture they need to nurture. Classroom blogs (i.e., blogs that are managed by a teacher for his/her students to post their work and exchange ideas) have been purported in the literature as offering unique opportunities to achieve this goal, although with little empirical support thus far. To fill this gap, nine classroom blogs were selected through an extensive search, and systematically analyzed to determine how the teachers’ instructional designs and classrooms’ enactment were able to capitalize on the specific affordances blogging may offer to support reform-based learning goals. The shift in teacher mindset needed to realize blogging affordances occurred as teachers engaged with students in the process of ‘living’ the classroom blog.

Abstract: The impact of science and technology in our daily life can no longer be over emphasised, nor can we continue to marginalise the valuable contributory role of women in the development process. Since the 1975 United Nations Mexico Conference on Women, the world is no longer the same, however, the male dominated world has yet to develop a new mindset and be proactive towards the empowerment of women. We can no longer ignore the role and contribution of women as equal partners in the developmental process of any country. Are the men prepared to change the age-old attitude of domination into one of cooperation and partnership? This is the question Alison Phipps sets out to investigate and provide tangible but scientific answers which may be bitter for some people to accept, but an inspiration to others to continue the fight with more vigour than ever before for the total emancipation and empowerment of women.

Abstract: Not long ago, IT-based risk was a fairly low-key activity focused on whether IT could deliver projects successfully and keep applications up and running. But with the opening up of the organization‘s boundaries to external partners, service providers, external electronic communications, and online services, managing IT-based risk has morphed into a ―bet the company‖ proposition. Not only is the scope of the job bigger, the stakes are much higher. As companies have become more dependent on IT for everything they do, the costs of service disruption and inadequate security practices have escalated exponentially. Therefore, the job of managing IT-based risk has become broader and more complex. Whereas in the past companies have sought security through physical or technological means (e.g., locked rooms, virus scanners), there is now growing understanding that managing ITbased risk must be a strategic and holistic activity that is not just the responsibility of a small group of IT specialists, but part of a mindset that extends from partners and suppliers to employees and customers. This paper explores how organizations are addressing and coping with increasing IT-based risk. It presents the results of an in-depth discussion of this issue with 20 senior IT practitioners and the challenges facing them. It proposes a holistic view of risk and examines the characteristics and components needed to develop an effective risk management framework, presenting a generic framework for integrating the growing number of elements involved in it. Finally, it describes successful practices organizations could use for improving their risk management capabilities.

Abstract: Workforce Remodelling in England implemented between 2003 and 2005 has been presented by the `New Labour' government as a means of enhancing the development of teachers and promoting rising educational attainments. While the processes that schools were to follow to achieve the desired `fundamental alteration in mindset' were prescribed, the outcomes of this process were less so. Conceptually therefore this initiative could potentially be viewed as having more in common with policies seeking to empower schools, rather than the performance management ethos of the dominant market-based approach to reforming English state schooling. This tension created within national policy is reflected in the research reported below which demonstrates that while in some schools Workforce Remodelling has largely taken the form of a centralized reallocation of tasks along lines favoured by the government, in others a more delegated style of leadership has encouraged and enabled redefinitions of roles and opened up fundamental debates about current practice. We find that both intended and unintended outcomes were shaped by the processes adopted in schools to respond to the remodelling agenda.

Abstract: This study empirically examines the impact of short study abroad programs on students’ diversity attitude. Overall, the study found significant positive changes in students’ diversity attitude as result of a two-week overseas experience. The results suggest that a short study abroad program is an excellent vehicle by which students learn and develop their intercultural mindset. This paper also discusses the implications and limitations of the study.

Abstract: As education plays such a vital role in economic competitiveness, it is no surprise that the focus for many governments is to invest in educational initiatives. Innovation in pedagogy, refined curriculum and much research into the science of teaching and learning is hoped to promote a knowledge economy. In recent years the Irish education systems have been particularly proactive in the area of technology education. Four new subjects were drafted at Senior Cycle level, all with a common philosophy grounded in design and technology. This clear shift in focus from the traditional craft based subjects to a more creative design-based suite of subjects has brought with it an unprecedented need for continuous professional development. This paper focuses on the shift in skill set from teaching in a predefined drawing mode to that of a conceptual mode that fosters creativity. As technical sketching is a fundamental building block of all design-based activities, it formed the core of this study. Focusing on the learning process under the descriptors of presage, process and product enabled a linear exploration of an otherwise complex dynamic learning experience. Although the perception of innate ability restricts the level of application of many teachers in terms of sketching, it proved a valuable attribute as a comparative criterion when selecting contributors. The study included participants that subjectively claimed an average standard of sketching capabilities and a polar group with a prerequisite mindset governed by the phrase “I cannot sketch”. All participants completed a purpose designed five-week course of study. The course included much psychomotor skill development; however the significant value of the course content centered on the cognitive development that progressed from knowledge acquisition to synthesis. The paper concludes by highlighting the value of “Process” based education over the traditional “Product” approach and presents empirical evidence that illustrate enhanced cognitive capabilities of the participants. The use of pre and post intervention data and qualitative commentary validates the suggestion that there is a greater cognitive value to sketching than a completed composition.

Abstract: DURING THE YEARS WHEN ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT WAS EMERGING AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL CONSTRUCT, IT PRIMARILY FOCUSED ON RECRUITING NEW STUDENTS, AND MARKETING WAS A CENTRAL EMPHASIS OF ITS EARLIEST APPROACHES. EVEN TODAY, AACRAO'S ANNUAL STRATEGIC ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT (SEM) CONFERENCE REMAINS EXTENSIVELY POPULATED WITH SESSIONS ON RECRUITMENT-ORIENTED MARKETING. BUT TO THE MEDIA AND TO MANY CRITICS OF ENROLLMENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, A MARKETING ORIENTATION IS OFTEN THE FOCAL POINT OF CRITICISMS OF CONTEMPORARY INSTITUTIONAL ENROLLMENT PRACTICES. ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS EDUCATION CONSERVANCY AND NACAC CRITICIZE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES FOR INTENSIFYING THE COMPETITIVENESS FOR ADMISSION AND FOR USING MARKETING TACTICS THAT DO NOT PROMOTE THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION. NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES (SEE FOR EXAMPLE ATLANTIC MONTHLY, NOVEMBER, 2005) HAVE CRITICIZED THE 'WINNER TAKE ALL' APPROACH EMPLOYED BY MANY COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES TO ATTRACT AND ENROLL STUDENTS AND FOR THE ENCROACHMENT OF A MARKETING MINDSET INTO THE ACADEMY. At a recent conference sponsored by the Center for Enrollment Research, Policy, and Practice at the University of Southern California, Gary Rhodes (formerly a Professor of Higher Education at the University of Arizona and now General Secretary of the aaup) suggested that colleges and universities do indeed seem to be characterized more by their strategic imitation rather than strategic imagination as their singular pursuit of prestige is shaping to an extreme degree the strategic agenda of colleges and universities. Clearly the emergence of the rankings industry has further intensified the notion that there is a hierarchy of colleges and universities wherein institutions all adhere to common definitions of quality, with the top of an ordinal ranking being the highest quality and wherein all institutions seek desperately to move up a notch. Too often, both the advocates and the critics of recruitment marketing seem to assume that American colleges and universities are a highly homogenous group, marching lockstep toward identical objectives and in pursuit of identical outcomes, only varying in the degree to which they've successfully attained a uniformly shared set of goals and quality outcomes. All enrollment management officers are aware of the stark differences between institutions that occupy different places on the so-called 'food chain' or 'pecking order' of the higher education marketplace. Unfortunately, U.S. News and the rankings industry have taken these institutional attributes and assigned a quality judgment, with good, better and best comparisons, elevating these alleged differences in quality by catering to the American penchant for ordinal rankings and lists of 'the best of But regardless of how rankings have taken natural differences between institutions and created a beauty contest among them, we've long been aware of the fact that there is symmetry and stratification to this marketplace, that every institution occupies a fairly distinct position relative to each other institution. Like many aspects of enrollment management, however, the reality is more variegated and complex than many critics acknowledge. Not one of the many assertions or criticisms about em and marketing can be interpreted or even understood absent an appreciation for the systemic, stratified nature of the marketplace that defines American higher education. The reality is that every college and university does occupy a distinct place on a continuum of institutions, and that there are clear and discrete institutional attributes that define a college's position in a structured marketplace. But that position is not just some qualitative value reflected in an easily measured or computed ordinal ranking; the institutional market is neither that simple nor simplistic. Scholarly observers of higher education such as Bill Becker and David Round as well as Bob Zemsky have argued that there is not one single market for colleges and universities; rather the marketplace is comprised of multiple markets. …

Abstract: In this article I attempt to answer the question, ‘How can I influence teachers to be able to contribute to changing social/cultural norms and practices that hamper effective HIV & AIDS education a...

Abstract: Recent decades have seen an increasing number of life’s problems conceptualised and interpreted through the prism of disease; among them are those affecting pupils at school. Witness the cases of hyperactivity and deficient attention, so often diagnosed as ADD/ADHD. Research indicates that there is at least some tendency towards overdiagnosis of ADD/ADHD. But what creates the general tendency to excessive medicalisation? This paper takes issue with conservative, existentialist, liberalist and poststructuralist explanations suggesting that some sort of personal or social conspiracy is at work, serving the interests of specifiable social actors or agencies. None of these explanations makes sense of excessive ADD/ADHD labelling in schools. Rather, the roots of excessive medicalisation are best sought in a certain culturally conditioned mindset: the Western liberal conception of a self. Some of the main ingredients of that mindset are explored, along with the self‐traps in which the mindset catches us and som...