Abstract: Change is nothing new and indeed has been our only constant, but change today is faster and more complex than it has ever been before (Manion 1994). Bushy (1992) agrees that the past decade has been a time for rapid global changes, with Muller (1992) citing the rapid increase in technology as the root cause. Muller (1992) believes that nurses need to develop a new mindset which is more in tune with the realities of the 1990s, acknowledging that we are and will be living in a constantly changing world, and Zukowski (1995) suggests that regardless of whether or not we accept change, we must learn to manage it. Although change creates uncertainty and discomfort, Poggenpoel (1992) emphasizes that it often leads to real innovation, providing abundant opportunities for creating a better way forward. This paper explores the subject of change management, looking first at the reasons behind the current climate of change in the healthcare system, then outlining change theory in relation to nursing, before discussing the role of the nurse as a change agent.

Abstract: It may be that universal history is the history of the different intonations given a handful of metaphors. (Borges, 1964, p.192) Rhetoric and education suffer a shared plight. In attempting to establish themselves as "legitimate" among disciplines with recognizable canons (e.g., literature) or specific objects of research (e.g., history or the natural sciences), educators and rhetoricians have resorted to borrowing. Rhetoric's attempt to climb beyond the status of an illegitimate stepchild to philosophy and drama is not new. Among Plato's litany of indictments against rhetoric appears one criticism than seems especially damning in an era where quantity--or at least quantitativeness--can substitute for quality. Plato claimed that rhetoric, comprising the techniques of persuasion, cannot be a science (an "art" or techne in ancient Greek parlance) because it had no method. Without a clear-cut procedure to deliver results, rhetoric was reduced to a knack analogous to cooking (Gorgias, 462d-463a). In a similar attempt to secure academic respectability, educators have wed to describe what they do metaphorically. This resort to metaphors is quite understandable. Education, like rhetoric, has no particular subject matter (Dewey, 1929, p. 48). Indeed, no subject has educational value until it is adapted to the learner (Dewey, 1938, p. 44 Adaptability lies at the core of education and of rhetoric. Education adapts the subject to the learner rhetoric adapts the message to the audience. But this malleability makes education and rhetoric ephemeral. Metaphors offer a way to make the educational process more concrete and comprehensible. While no single metaphor can capture all aspects of education, a carefully chosen metaphor can highlight important components of the educational process. One popular metaphoric rendering of education frames the process in the language of business, portraying students as customers in a satisfaction-based endeavor. The choice of metaphors, however, is normative as well as descriptive. Aside from their explanatory power, metaphors can shape perceptions and expectations of what they describe. This essay suggests that the concept of gaming offers an accurate and appropriate description of the educational process. Furthermore, placing education within a gaming framework encourages cooperation, emphasizes excellence, and fosters values that a business-driven view of education omits or downplays. A Declaration of Intellectual Independence The idea that educators served as surrogate parents shaped much American educational policy and practice until the early 1960s (Masters, 1995). The decline of in low parentis marks the need for a less parental way of conceptualizing education. As educators, we must go beyond maternal nurturing to encourage students to think and act independently. Ironically, this declaration of intellectual independence comes at a time when educational institutions are de facto reassuming many parental duties. Inculcation of values, discipline, cultivation of manners, and myriad other tasks have been foisted upon schools as parental presence and influence at home have dwindled. Despite the parental functions educational institutions have acquired, a central task of education remains: to wean students of their intellectual dependencies. In this sense, "teaching is not an agglutinative principle but a separating, a detaching principle" (Barzun, 1959, p. 133) Similarly, we must overcome the paternalistic mindset that equates education with trained obedience, thus rendering education the equivalent of training a pet to heel and sit on command--with the negative sanction of punishment for disobeying. The disintegration of the family in America might signal a return to more structured educational relationships As educational institutions from elementary to post-secondary levels are called on to provide what parents no longer can or will (sex education morals, positive role models, basic functional skills, an appreciation for arts and culture), the in loco parentis doctrine might be due for resurrection. …

Abstract: Explores the concept “career ambitious” in the contexts of traditional corpocratic “male” and more recent “female” career development models. Traditional corpocratic career development models are premissed on the notion of linear hierarchical progression and, accordingly, encourage competition, this being the vehicle through which the individual reaches the much‐prized top rung of the career ladder. In this context, the career ambitious individual is fiercely competitive, viewing her or his career as a series of tournaments, and measuring her or his career success by objective measures such as salary, rank or promotion. In contrast, when adopting a more holistic women’s career development framework, in which the interplay between work, significant others, organizational factors and various life stages is acknowledged, the career ambitious individual is one who measures her or his success in both professional and personal arenas through subjective measures such as perceived degree of challenge, satisfaction or sense of growth or development.

Abstract: Describes the personal skills which will be needed to generate a 21st‐century mindset. Business, economics and society are changing at an extraordinary speed. To succeed, all of us ‐ including our leaders and managers ‐ need to learn faster, think smarter and break free of confining assumptions and old attitudes. Presents an American’s opinion on how to change our perceptions of and cope with new economic realities.

Abstract: Foreword N R Madhava Menon Preface Satyam Shivam Sundaram: Evolving Ethical Values Ekla Chalo Re: Integrating Personal, Organisational and Other Ethics The Saint and the Devil: The Liberating Impact of Market Systems The Protective Deity: Law as an Instrument of Ethics The Joy of Living Together: The Indian Process of Socialisation The Tail Wagging the Dog: The High Expectations from the Professional Nothing Like this Has Happened Before: Discoveries and Innovations in Corporate Governance The Kindly Gardener: Practical Aspects of Human Resource Management Listening to the Inner Voice: Problems in Whistle-Blowing Judge Not the Go-Getter: The Thankless Tasks of Marketing and Purchase The Evil Goddess Who Tempts: Growing Ethical Pitfalls of the Investment Industry Al-Amin, the Trustworthy: Consequences of Corruption Containing the New Devil: Power, Equity and Spirituality in Environmental Ethics The Battle of the Sexes: A Mindset for Gender Balance Om Shanti Shanti Shantih: A Summing up for Management Integrity Appendix References Select Readings Index

Abstract: Cross‐cultural training and development has often been regarded as principally skills‐based and a “quick fix” for those organizations whose aim is to compete in the global marketplace. It is questionable whether this approach has been successful in helping companies use cultural diversity for competitive advantage. Proposes an alternative approach which takes into account the need to develop a “global mindset” along with new strategies, structures and processes as well as the lifecycle stage of the organization. These conditions can be satisfied by including three elements in any training and development intervention: developing a global mindset; working through a model of cross‐cultural reconciliation; and emphasizing the development of “relational” skills among all members of the organization.

Abstract: In this book, Brandenburger and Nalebuff use game theory to develop a set of guidelines that will "make it easier to explain the reasoning behind a proposed strategy." The games that they use as analogies do not involve sports with their zero-sum outcomes; instead, they consider a variety of games that allow for mutual benefit, as well as harm, for the players. They use the term co-opetition, which is consistent with their message that cooperation pays off in some situations, competition in others. They encourage readers to think about not only how to play the game, but also how to change the rules. Examination of these games leads them to make recommendations for managers, many of which are relevant to marketing managers. So, to the extent that a game is like a business, this book should be useful. My aims in reviewing the book are to ask: (1) Is it new? (2) Is it useful? and (3) Is it supported? The book has flaws, particularly in the area of supporting evidence, but it is an important book.

Abstract: : The military professional is a practically-minded individual. This is not, stereotypes aside, the result of an inflexible, unimaginative nature, but comes from pursuing a profession that emphasizes mission accomplishment above all else. This paper is written with such a practical mindset, and begins with a definition of the most pertinent aspects of Chaos Theory for military applications. This is kept at a conceptual level for the benefit of the novice looking to understand the big picture' before pursuing the topic further, and for those individuals who do not need to work at a more mathematical level. Examples of Chaotic systems of military interest are given. This work also addresses some of the difficulties in applying this mathematical theory metaphorically, and to social situations. For, although it is still being developed, Chaos Theory is being exploited by military strategists, economists, political analysts, and others with results that range from pragmatic and useful, to fanciful nonsense. The military professional could benefit from understanding some of the pitfalls of potential misapplication of Chaos Theory. Last, this paper provides an open-ended discussion of how to apply Chaos Theory, by stepping the reader through the process of evaluating a system that is not strictly physical, for the potential applicability of Chaos Theory.

Abstract: If you haven't learned how to identify customers' information needs, you're not ready to provide new assurance services. Why? Because those assurance services that meet customers' needs will sell; those that do not will fail. Traditional audit services cannot be expected to expand your practice; they are no longer growth areas. Therefore, the profession has no alternative but to fashion new services that bridge customers' needs and CPA's competencies. However, no bridging can take place without understanding customers' needs. WHO ARE THE CUSTOMERS? The potential customers are people who use information to make decisions. They could be senior managers or other employees, members of corporate or not-for-profit boards, institutional investors, financial analysts, individuals investors, creditors, charitable donors and individuals who make decisions about matters such as selecting personal medical care or arranging care for elderly family members. Assurance services are defined as independent professional services that improve the quality of information, or its context, for decision makers. If the assurer does not improve the decision-making information, the service does not qualify as an assurance engagement. So the key criterion identifying the customer for an assurance services is that he or she is the party who can benefit from improved decision-making information. However, the customer is not necessarily the party who pays for the assurance service. For example, in a financial statement audit, the decision maker is the investor or creditor who uses the financial statements or, in the case of not-for-profits or governmental units, the decision maker is the donor or taxpayer. But it is the client who prepares the financial statements, deals with the auditor and pays the fee. Focusing on the customer is a fundamental business concern. The decision-making users of information create demand for assurance services; their needs dictate engagement possibilities. HOW TO IDENTIFY CUSTOMERS' ASSURANCE NEEDS The first requisite for CPAs is a customer-focused mindset. This includes not only understanding who the customer is but also making a commitment to learn the customer's information needs, being alert to all kinds of information that could illuminate those needs and constantly striving to learn more about them. Existing clients -- because of the established service relationship -- offer the best opportunity to learn more about their information needs in order to create a new service. In addition, because clients trust them, CPAs have a marketing advantage with their clients. CPAs can use three basis techniques to identify clients' information needs. They can ask them individually, take surveys and hold discussion groups. 1. Asking clients what they need can be a regular procedure. Good communications are always a plus, and clients appreciate learning how their accounting firms can help them. 2. A questionnaire delivered to a sample of clients with the objective of learning about them provides data helpful in making decisions about potential services. 3. A formal focus group, with a two-way mirror, a facilitator and videotapes, can be costly, but gathering some clients together to discuss service needs allows interaction and delivers more information than can be gained from a questionnaire. It also creates goodwill. The American Institute of CPAs special committee on assurance services created a questionnaire to learn clients' information needs, which was published in the July 1996 Journal of Accountancy (page 10) and is available at www.aicpa.org/assurance/scas/comstud/icn/index.htm. The special committee also interviewed a spectrum of decision makers to learn their needs for decision-making information. The interviews included members of corporate boards, investors, creditors, managers, regulators, members of government and university administrators. …

Abstract: The family support and positive youth development movements represent considerable change in both philosophical and programmatic approaches to the delivery of services. This article examines the key elements and the relative success of family support and youth development practice, compares the two streams of literature and programming, and suggests strategies to increase integration. The community-based family support approach has been hailed by many in the social service field as the best way to work with children and families. On a community level, it promotes integrating existing supports to reduce fragmentation and duplication. On a family level, it uses the strengths perspective to build on family supports and strengths, as well as to empower consumers to shape their own plans and the systems that serve them. At the same time that acceptance for the family support approach has grown, a parallel approach has gained momentum in the youth services field. Known as youth development, grounded in the philosophy of positive youth development, this movement also integrates community supports, strengthens family functioning, and empowers its consumers to shape their own plans and the programming that affects them. Both movements emphasize that involving consumers in collaborative planning creates more responsive and effective programs. This differs from the idea that consumer involvement serves only as a learning experience for consumers [Saleeby 1992; Maluccio 1981]. Both of these movements promise to bring positive change to existing service systems and to families and youths. This article examines the key elements and the relative success of family support and youth development practice, compares the two streams of literature and programming, and suggests strategies to increase their integration. A Status Report The Service System and the Strengths Perspective Social work has always been torn between its desire to be instrumental in empowering the disadvantaged of our society and its desire to become a wanted and respected profession. The danger is that gaining more power for the profession can actually result in usurping power from those it seeks to help; increased authority for the social worker can come from the dependency of the consumer. The strengths perspective leads social work away from any potential for creating dependency. It asks the worker to avoid labeling what is wrong with a consumer, a family, or a community and reminds the worker that he or she does not have the power to fix others problems; only the individuals, families, and communities themselves hold the power to claim ownership of their strengths, their problems, and their own change. A worker using a strengths perspective focuses on identifying the strengths of an individual or of a community. Saleeby [1992: 8] defines this idea and makes the point that empowerment is "not based on returning the power to the people, but on discovering the power within the people." He says that we must learn to provide opportunities, assail the "victim mindset," stop paternalism, and retire the belief that those in need must give themselves over to a caregiver in order to get well. He quotes Mary Richmond, the mother of social casework, as saying that "individuals have wills and purposes of their own and are not fitted to play a passive part in the world" [Saleeby 1992: 13]. Asserting that the strengths perspective fits well with the ecological perspective, or person-in-environment approach, of social work, Saleeby traces the history of the application of the personin-environment approach to societal treatment of persons with mental illness. This analysis reveals that society's role for persons with mental illness is coming full circle: from being part of daily life in families and communities, to asylums in the countryside, to specially designed residential programs located in cities and, it is hoped, back to family and community life. …

Abstract: Internships have been explored as potentially valuable routes for extending teacher education. However, the ways in which the beliefs, values and attitudes (platform) of the mentor interacting with that of the associate teacher shape the internship, have not been investigated. Even though particular emphasis here is on the role of the mentor, because mentors are in the situation of working with many associate teachers, the platforms of both mentors and associates were considered as important in constructing the professional learning environment and the outcomes of professional development achieved. The platform, which is the basis of practice, is therefore also nominated here as a mindset. As the mentoring mindset is rarely explicit then the mentoring practice often is a revelation. These concepts are illustrated through the use of cases and conclusions drawn regarding the constructivist perspective of the mentoring mindset.

Abstract: There are strong drivers at all levels towards a culture of more sustainable waste management. These drivers include those at an international level, such as the Rio Earth Summit, at a European lev...

Abstract: Wealth does not exist in infinite volume, it has to be created. The creation of new wealth which is necessary to support growing social expectations is determined by the ability to create new market values in the form of a new knowledge that significantly alters the patterns of expectations. The prevailing mindset, however, currently favours a stable formula for maintaining existing market values. Provides a framework for wealth creation by defining knowledge in a way that encompasses its origins through to the technologies which exploit it in the form of new market values.

Abstract: Companies continue to look for better and faster ways to globalise. Organisation researchers have not yet identified the many possible integrators for globalising a company, particularly those which are most powerful. This study examines the literature relative to globalisation and presents the results of a survey of senior managers/HRD professionals of 20 global companies in Asia, Europe and the Americas

Abstract: The need for management to better anticipate the future is the urgent message currently being advocated by consultants in strategic market planning. Uses a survey of high‐level managers from Fortune 1,000 corporations to illustrate the advantages of cultivating a flexible mindset concerning environmental trends and their strategic marketing implications. Reviews projected developments in the economy, technology, ecology and the social/political environments that are expected to occur by 2005. Discusses appropriate marketing responses to these trends.

Abstract: Both the historical and international relations perspectives have generated typologies of crisis management and elite decision making units. This article assesses the performance of the British cabinet system in its conduct of the Suez crisis against a set of criteria drawn from an amalgam of some of those typologies. The article is primarily concerned with the decision making process within the environment of a Cabinet system and, as such, does not seek to make judgements about the success or failure of the policies although there is naturally some overlap.The result of the analysis of the various factors of crisis management is the inescapable recognition of the centrality of personality as the key factor. Eden's influence, based upon his particular mindset, permeates every element of the process. His obsessions drove the process and skewed the ultimate decisions. This is not to say, of course, that the crisis situation itself did not place constraints upon the decision makers because clearly it did; bu...

Abstract: George Ritzer in his McDonaldization of Society addresses four basic and alluring dimensions of modern life: efficiency, predictability, quantifiable and calculated service, and control (Ritzer, 1993). With increasing and alarming frequency, academic advising in many commuter colleges has adopted the McDonaldization mindset. This is not a surprising evolvement given students' limited time on campus and the high percentages of nontraditional students who, while attending college, are often holding jobs and supporting families. Chesterfield-Marlboro Technical College adopted the McDonaldization mindset as they sought to make the advising process quick and efficient. In academic advising, however, faster is not always better.

Abstract: The Systems Process, emphasizing the Functional View, is an effective organizing principle for creation of public policy actions. It has two features that counter the adversarial mindset typical of politics: All stakeholders are included as members of a collaborative team. It is a structured, disciplined process that addresses the inherent complexity of the problem. Complex systems are encountered everywhere in public policy. The Systems Process with its fundamentally collaborative nature is superior, perhaps indispensable, for resolving controversy and organizing an effective response. A 12-step process framework is described, which is applied throughout the life cycle of an issue as it moves through Initiating, Planning, and Operational stages. Experience showing the benefit of this process is cited.

Abstract: A sage advisor once said, "Why is it that we (dentists) never seem to have the time to do all steps the first time around, but then find the time when something goes amiss?" Many of us are caught up in a prison called time that directly dictates our every move. We must be released from this mindset and rediscover the importance of patience and devotion to technique. That same wise man added, "The definition of a short cut is the longest distance between two points." The moral is time spent to gain tissue health will be returned a thousand fold. Cases will be completed with greater patient comfort and doctor satisfaction.

Abstract: : The policy of mutual destruction limited the use of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) during the Cold War but has much less significance in today's global environment not only because of multiple regional instability and motivation to acquire, but also increased availability of resources and technologies to build WMD Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction is a preeminent security threat in the 1990's The US has policies and strategies to stem WMD proliferation and to counter the effects of their use This paper will identify ways to deter threats of WMD against the United States through counterproliferation strategies of counterforce, active defense, and passive defense Discussion includes aspects which challenge US interests and place greater burden on policymakers These include politics, economics, technology and the global mindset

Abstract: Social marketing applies commercial sector ideas to programs to change behavior. It involves a mindset that is customer-focused; a process that starts with customers and continually returns to them for validation; and concepts to make change happen. Customer behavior models guide strategy. One useful model is based on stages of change and four behavioral influences: perceived benefits, perceived costs, the influence of others, and perceived behavioral control.

Abstract: Abstract The Problem Of the millions of species that inhabit the earth, biological researchers tend to concentrate on relatively few organisms that subsequently become “model systems.” The reason is obvious: Research builds on past research. To advance the forefront of knowledge, the system one studies must be known up to that forefront. Obviously not all the millions of species can be so well known, so a few have been chosen for intense “vertical” study. The faith is that what holds for one species holds for all, a mindset captured in the famous (or infamous) dictum, “What is true of E. coli is true of elephants.” While today this naive faith is rarely embraced in a literal sense—given the abundant evidence that the dictum is just plain wrong—the vertical, in-depth approach to understanding biological systems still rests on confidence that what is found for one species applies in some degree to all (or at least many) living systems.

Abstract: This work uses game theory to rewrite business strategy, and offers a strategic way of thinking which combines competition and cooperation. The examples, including Intel, Nintendo and American Express, show not only how companies can utilize these strategies, but how industry as a whole can grow.

Abstract: In "The Natural Rights Republic," renowned political theorist Michael P. Zuckert examines the natural rights philosophy as expressed in sources like the Declaration of Independence and aims to counter contemporary confusion by offering an insightful study of the concept that dominated the mindset of the founding generation of the United States.