Abstract: Data-independent acquisition (DIA) has revolutionized the field of mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics over the past few years. DIA stands out for its ability to systematically sample all peptides in a given mass-to-charge range, allowing an unbiased acquisition of proteomics data. This greatly mitigates the issue of missing values and significantly enhances quantitative accuracy, precision, and reproducibility compared to many traditional methods. This review focuses on the critical role of DIA analysis software tools, primarily focusing on their capabilities and the challenges they address in proteomic research. Advances in MS technology, such as trapped ion mobility spectrometry, or high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry require sophisticated analysis software capable of handling the increased data complexity and exploiting the full potential of DIA. We identify and critically evaluate leading software tools in the DIA landscape, discussing their unique features, and the reliability of their quantitative and qualitative outputs. We present the biological and clinical relevance of DIA-MS and discuss crucial publications that paved the way for in-depth proteomic characterization in patient-derived specimens. Furthermore, we provide a perspective on emerging trends in clinical applications and present upcoming challenges including standardization and certification of MS-based acquisition strategies in molecular diagnostics. While we emphasize the need for continuous development of software tools to keep pace with evolving technologies, we advise researchers against uncritically accepting the results from DIA software tools. Each tool may have its own biases, and some may not be as sensitive or reliable as others. Our overarching recommendation for both researchers and clinicians is to employ multiple DIA analysis tools, utilizing orthogonal analysis approaches to enhance the robustness and reliability of their findings.

Abstract: The perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell represents one of the most promising avenues for exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells at a reasonable cost. Remarkably, its efficiency has rapidly increased from 13.7% in 2015 to 34.6% in 2024. Despite the significant research efforts dedicated to this topic, the "secret" to achieving high-performance perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells seems to be confined to a few research groups. Additionally, the discrepancies in preparation and characterization between single-junction and tandem solar cells continue to impede the transition from efficient single-junction to efficient tandem solar cells. This review first revisits the key milestones in the development of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells over the past decade. Then, a comprehensive analysis of the background, advancements, and challenges in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is provided, following the sequence of the tandem fabrication process. The progress and limitations of the prevalent stability measurements for tandem devices are also discussed. Finally, a roadmap for designing efficient, scalable, and stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is outlined. This review takes the growth history into consideration while charting the future course of perovskite/silicon tandem research.

Abstract: 3D printing has changed many industries and research areas, and it is poised to do the same for electrochemistry and electroanalytical sciences. The ability to easily shape electrically conductive parts in complex geometries, something very difficult to do using traditional manufacturing techniques, can now be easily accomplished at home, opening the possibility of fabricating electrodes and electrochemical cells with geometries that were once unimaginable. This ability can be a milestone in electrochemistry, allowing the fabrication of systems tailored to specific applications. Unfortunately, this is not what is seen to date, with 3D printing mostly reproducing "traditional" designs, using little of the "freedom of design" promised by the technology. We reason that these results come from too much focus on reproducing the electrochemical behavior of metallic electrodes instead of understanding how material properties impact the performance of 3D printed electrodes and working within these constraints. 3D printing will change electrochemistry and electroanalytical sciences if we understand and learn to work with its limitations.

Abstract: Abstract Introduction The completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003 marked the beginning of a transformative era in medicine. This milestone laid the foundation for personalized medicine, an innovative approach that customizes healthcare treatments. Content Central to the advancement of personalized medicine is the understanding of genetic variations and their impact on drug responses. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into drug response trials has been pivotal in this domain. These technologies excel in handling large-scale genomic datasets and patient histories, significantly improving diagnostic accuracy, disease prediction and drug discovery. They are particularly effective in addressing complex diseases such as cancer and genetic disorders. Furthermore, the advent of wearable technology, when combined with AI, propels personalized medicine forward by offering real-time health monitoring, which is crucial for early disease detection and management. Summary The integration of AI into personalized medicine represents a significant advancement in healthcare, promising more accurate diagnoses, effective treatment plans and innovative drug discoveries. Outlook As technology continues to evolve, the role of AI in enhancing personalized medicine and transforming the healthcare landscape is expected to grow exponentially. This synergy between AI and healthcare holds great promise for the future, potentially revolutionizing the way healthcare is delivered and experienced.

Abstract: Abstract Disruptions in normal development and the emergence of health conditions often result from the malfunction of vital genes in the human body. Decades of scientific research have focused on techniques to modify or substitute defective genes with healthy alternatives, marking a new era in disease treatment, prevention and cure. Recent strides in science and technology have reshaped our understanding of disorders, medication development and treatment recommendations, with human gene and cell therapy at the forefront of this transformative shift. Its primary objective is the modification of genes or adjustment of cell behaviour for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we focus on the latest advances in gene and cell therapy for treating human genetic diseases, with a particular emphasis on FDA and EMA‐approved therapies and the evolving landscape of genome editing. We examine the current state of innovative gene editing technologies, particularly the CRISPR‐Cas systems. As we explore the progress, ethical considerations and prospects of these innovations, we gain insight into their potential to revolutionize the treatment of genetic diseases, along with a discussion of the challenges associated with their regulatory pathways. This review traces the origins and evolution of these therapies, from conceptual ideas to practical clinical applications, marking a significant milestone in the field of medical science.

Abstract: Abhishek Kumar Srivastava Editor in Chief Volume 31 contains 12 issues of the Journal of the Society for Information Displays (JSID)—a great way to end 2023. JSID achieved a new impact factor milestone, reaching a 2.3. I want to extend heartfelt congratulations to all the authors, reviewers, and associated editors who contributed to this success. I am confident that JSID and the display community will continue to prosper in 2024. Volume 32 of 2024 will feature the best articles from Display Week 2024, the International Conference on Display Technology (ICDT) 2023 and 2024, and International Display Workshops (IDW) 2023. We also are working on two special issues that focus on AR/VR/MR and quantum dots (QDs) and their applications in displays. We will publish these issues during the second quarter. Visit the JSID website for the latest exciting display-related research: https://sid.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19383657. Toward physically realistic vision in teleoperation: A user study with light-field head mounted display and 6-DoF head motion | Nicolai Bechtel et al. | https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.1262 The main limitation for HMDs is the mismatch of the 3D distance and the focal distance of visualized objects (vergence-accommodation conflict, VAC) in displays with fixed focal distance that leads to eye strain after extended use. Here, the authors applied a light-field HMD, providing close-to-continuous depth information to the user to avoid VAC. They also deployed a time-of-flight sensor to generate a 2.5D environment model. The displayed content is processed with image-based rendering, allowing a 6-degree-of-freedom head motion in the visualized scene. Reduction of visual effort for the user is confirmed in an abstract depth-matching task. The authors demonstrated a focal surface projection to solve the narrow depth-of-field problem in projection-mapping applications. They applied a phase-only spatial light modulator to realize nonuniform focusing distances, whereby the projected content appears focused on a surface with considerable depth variations. The feasibility of the proposed technique was validated through a physical experiment. Modern virtual-real fusion (VRF) technology has the problem of single-function and fixed integration, limiting the popularization and application of VRF technology. In this article, the authors proposed a framework named synchronous mixed reality (SMR) to personalize the VRF system and maintain the balance between interaction efficiency and environmental immersion. The authors combine an instance segmentation algorithm with an interaction prediction algorithm. To evaluate the effectiveness of the SMR framework, the authors designed three scenarios based on the interaction properties of physical objects and measured environmental immersion, systematic interaction efficiency, and user experience. The results confirm that the SMR framework meets diverse needs in various conditions while balancing immersion and interaction efficiency. Special Issue: JSID is published monthly by Wiley. Subscription fees apply, but SID members and student members have free online access via sid.org/Publications.aspx. Many universities also have an institutional subscription. JSID is indexed in the Web of Science. Submit your original manuscript online via mc.manuscriptcentral.com/sid. Author guidelines can be found on the Journal's homepage: tinyurl.com/jsidhome. Editorial board: tinyurl.com/jsideb. Please direct any questions about JSID to its editor in chief at [email protected]. EarlyView: Accepted papers about to be published can be accessed online via tinyurl.com/jsidev. The Journal is soliciting review papers on any display-related topic. If you have a great idea for a review paper, please contact the editor at [email protected]. Page charges for invited review papers will be waived.

Abstract: Abstract Efficient well placement profoundly depends on early geo-steering decisions to maximize reservoir contact. In highly undulated thin target zones, this can be more concerning as the formation dip changes abruptly. Such environments present a significant challenge where geo-mapping instruments are placed farther behind the bit in the bottom hole assembly, leading to relatively late decision making and more aggressive well path corrections. This paper presents the advantages of placing geo-mapping tools close to the drilling bit position leading to enhanced reservoir contact (Net-to-Gross) and less tortuous well bores. Deep and ultra-deep azimuthal resistivity measurements have historically provided a step change for proactive geo-steering, yet the challenge has always been the proximity of the sensors to the bit opposed to other less sophisticated near bit sensors. Well placement with conventional configurations have been regularly utilized to ensure maximum reservoir exposure with varying results due to unforeseen geo-structural changes such as the formation dipping regime (1D environment), lateral boundaries (2D environment) or channels (3D environment). A new tool design was introduced in which the ultra-deep resistivity transmitter was embedded into the rotary steerable system allowing 1D and 3D inversions to be closest to the bit position, offering at-the-bit visualization of the reservoir, hence, earlier, and less aggressive well path corrections could be made to optimize well placement and increase reservoir contact. Geo-mapping formation boundaries while drilling high angle sections with a near bit ultra-deep azimuthal resistivity inversion minimized potential reservoir exits while also minimizing wellbore tortuosity. This is critical for efficient well placement, minimizing drilling risks and smooth completions deployment. Horizontal wells were placed in thin reservoir targets that are successfully resolved by integrating 1D and 3D inversions to improve reservoir mapping, remote lithology and fluid identification to optimize well placement and reservoir evaluation. The accuracy of reservoir visualization from the near-bit resistivity inversion has been validated by other logging while drilling measurements in the drill string, such as triple combo and azimuthal images from several sensors. This paper presents the global first at-the-bit look-around inversion utilizing an ultra-deep resistivity sensor embedded in a rotary steerable system for horizontal well placement in two target sand packages. The proximity of the ultra-deep sensor to the bit enabled quicker decisions to optimally place the well in the target zone while reducing well tortuosity leading to a higher net-to-gross and a smoother well trajectory. This also facilitated the deployment of the completion equipment saving costly rig time.

Abstract: We introduce UbiPhysio, a milestone framework that delivers fine-grained action description and feedback in natural language to support people's daily functioning, fitness, and rehabilitation activities. This expert-like capability assists users in properly executing actions and maintaining engagement in remote fitness and rehabilitation programs. Specifically, the proposed UbiPhysio framework comprises a fine-grained action descriptor and a knowledge retrieval-enhanced feedback module. The action descriptor translates action data, represented by a set of biomechanical movement features we designed based on clinical priors, into textual descriptions of action types and potential movement patterns. Building on physiotherapeutic domain knowledge, the feedback module provides clear and engaging expert feedback. We evaluated UbiPhysio's performance through extensive experiments with data from 104 diverse participants, collected in a home-like setting during 25 types of everyday activities and exercises. We assessed the quality of the language output under different tuning strategies using standard benchmarks. We conducted a user study to gather insights from clinical physiotherapists and potential users about our framework. Our initial tests show promise for deploying UbiPhysio in real-life settings without specialized devices.

Abstract: Importance Transgender youth are at an elevated risk for adverse mental health outcomes compared with their cisgender peers. Identifying opportunities for intervention is a priority. Objective To estimate differences in the association between gender identity milestones and mental health outcomes among transgender youth, stratified by level of family support. Design, Settings, and Participants This retrospective cohort study compares changes in mental health outcomes among transgender youth who initiate gender identity milestones compared with those who initiate the same milestones 1 year later, stratified by level of family support, using the 2015 US Transgender Survey. The analytic samples included 18 303 transgender adults aged 18 and older who had initiated at least 1 gender identity milestone between ages 4 and 18 years. Exposure Four gender identity milestones: feeling one’s gender was different, thinking of oneself as transgender, telling another that one is transgender, and living full-time in one’s gender identity, stratified by 3 levels of family support: supportive, neutral, and adverse. Main Outcomes Age at first suicide attempt and at running away. Results Study participants included 18 303 transgender adults (10 288 [56.2%] assigned female at birth; 14 777 [80.7%] White). Initiating a gender identity milestone was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt and running away from home among transgender youth. This finding was driven by children who live in unsupportive families. For example, thinking of oneself as transgender was associated with a meaningful increase in the overall probability of attempting suicide among those in either adverse families (estimate = 1.75 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.47-3.03) or neutral families (estimate = 1.39 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.72-2.05). Among youth living with supportive families, there were no statistically significant associations between gender identity milestones and adverse mental health outcomes and 95% CIs generally ruled out any meaningful associations. Conclusion These results demonstrate that without a supportive family environment, gender identity development increases the risk of transgender youth attempting suicide or running away from home. Social services and community resources to establish supportive relationships between transgender children and their parents are essential.

Abstract: The practical rapid development of chemical leads for drug discovery is strongly dependent on scalable procedures for building block synthesis. N-heterocyclic moieties, especially unsaturated ones, remain essential tools in the hands of screening and medicinal chemists. Here, we report four novel chemical block families and the interconversions between them. 4,4-disubstituted-3-oxopyrrolidones synthesis was an essential milestone in the diversity-oriented production of 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3-hydroxypyrrolidones and 3,3’-difluoropyrrolidines. Those can be functionalized with conformationally flexible spirocyclic substituents. We developed the multigram procedure for 4,4-disubstituted-3-oxopyrrolidones from commercially accessible and cost-saving reagents via the short three-step procedure. Also, here we are reporting the robust conversion procedure of 3-oxopyrrolidones to 3-aminopyrrolidones, 3,3’-difluoropyrrolidones and 3-hydroxypyrrolidones, involving a minimal amount of steps. We demonstrate the scope and limitations and further perspectives for such synthetic approaches.

Abstract: More than two decades ago, the advent of robotic laparoscopic surgery marked a significant milestone, featuring the introduction of the AESOP robotic endoscope control system and the ZEUS robotic surgery system. The latter, equipped with distinct arms for the laparoscope and surgical instruments, was designed to accommodate remote connections, enabling the practice of remote telesurgery as early as 2001. Subsequent technological progress has given rise to a range of options in today's market, encompassing multi-port and single-port systems, both rigid and flexible, across various price points, with further growth anticipated.

Abstract: Abstract Background In vitro fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized infertility treatment. Nevertheless, male infertility requires more effective solutions. In 1992, the first‐ever case of human birth via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was reported. ICSI involves microscopically injecting a sperm into an ovum. Successful ICSI has become a reliable therapy for couples facing infertility, a significant milestone. However, it has also introduced various challenges. This study also delves into ethical dilemmas arising from widespread ICSI use. Methods This review traces the history of ICSI, presenting pioneering attempts, first successful attempts, and critical reports on account of the initial skepticism toward the technology. The review also focuses on chronological progress until ICSI was recognized as effective and became widely applied. Main findings The review reveals that ICSI, although transformative, presents challenges. Successes include addressing male infertility and aiding fertilization. However, concerns arise regarding optimal sperm and embryo selection, genetic mutations, and long‐term health implications. Ethical considerations surrounding ICSI's broad applications also surface. Conclusions Despite its success and effectiveness, ICSI is still evolving as a therapeutic method. By comprehensively evaluating the historical progress and the current status of ICSI and exploring its future prospects, this study highlights the importance of ICSI in infertility treatment.

Abstract: This article introduces a novel mathematical model analyzing the dynamics of Dengue in the recent past, specifically focusing on the 2023 outbreak of this disease. The model explores the patterns and behaviors of dengue fever in Bangladesh. Incorporating a sinusoidal function reveals significant mid-May to Late October outbreak predictions, aligning with the government's exposed data in our simulation. For different amplitudes (A) within a sequence of values (A = 0.1 to 0.5), the highest number of infected mosquitoes occurs in July. However, simulations project that when = 0.5 and A = 0.1, the peak of human infections occurs in late September. Not only the next-generation matrix approach along with the stability of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are observed, but also a cutting-edge Machine learning (ML) approach such as the Prophet model is explored for forecasting future Dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh. Remarkably, we have fitted our solution curve of infection with the reported data by the government of Bangladesh. We can predict the outcome of 2024 based on the ML Prophet model situation of Dengue will be detrimental and proliferate 25% compared to 2023. Finally, the study marks a significant milestone in understanding and managing Dengue outbreaks in Bangladesh.

Abstract: Objective: To establish whether Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones predict future performance of general surgery trainees. Summary Background Data: Milestones provide bi-annual assessments of trainee progress across six competencies. It is unknown whether the Milestones predict surgeon performance after the transition to independent practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of surgeons with complete Milestone assessments in the fourth and fifth clinical years who treated patients in acute care hospitals within Florida, New York, and Pennsylvania, 2015-2018. To account for the multiple ways in which the Milestone assessments might predict post-graduation outcomes, we included 120 Milestones features in our elastic net machine learning models. The primary outcome was risk-adjusted patient death or serious morbidity. Results: 278 general surgeons were included in the study. Milestone assessments 6-months into the fourth clinical year displayed a normal score distribution while multicollinearity and low score discrimination at the final assessment period were detected. Individual Milestones features from the Patient Care, Professionalism, and Systems-based Practice domains were most predictive of patient-related outcomes. For example, surgeons with worse patient outcomes had significantly lower scores in Patient Care 3 when compared to surgeons with better patient outcomes (High DSM, yes: 2.86 vs. no: 3.04, P =0.011). Conclusions: The Milestones features that were most predictive of better patient outcomes related to intraoperative skills, ethical principles, and patient navigation and safety, measured 12-18 months prior to graduation. The development of a parsimonious set of evidence-based Milestones that better correlate with surgeon experience could enhance surgical education

Abstract: The school-to-work transition, an important milestone for entry into adulthood, depends on many individual factors and social circumstances. It is conceived as a complex interplay of young people's resources and competences, and the opportunities and constraints encountered in the social contexts of transition. This conceptualization presupposes reflections on how to assess the transition and to consider antecedents and consequences. The chapter reviews transition trends in Western societies across past decades and discusses two influential theoretical approaches. They highlight the institutional embeddedness of the transition and conceive of the transition as a status passage in the institutionalized life course.

Abstract: There is an ongoing dependence and tension between the military and the society it protects. This article examines the relatively new "military and society" field using the 50-year anniversary of the journal Armed Forces & Society as a focal point. This dynamic field is influenced by world events, cultural trends, and politics. Civil-military relations is at the heart of the discourse. An international and interdisciplinary journal, Armed Forces & Society reflects the changing nature of the field over the last 50 years. I have edited the journal since 2001 and bring this experience to the discussion.

Abstract: Accelerated 3-year programs (A3YPs) at medical schools were developed to address student debt and mitigate workforce shortage issues. This study investigated whether medical school length (3 vs 4 years) was associated with early residency performance. The primary research question was as follows: Are the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestones (MS) attained by A3YP graduates comparable to graduates of traditional 4-year programs (T4YPs) at 6 and 12 months into internship?

Abstract: Developmental tasks are formed from an analysis of the culture and social demands in which the individual lives and interacts. Developmental psychology defines Milestones as substantial progress in a developmental task. When a person is able to complete developmental tasks at his stage, that person will be happy and consider his development according to his stage. So far, the current developmental tasks are different from the situation and social demands in Indonesia. Thus, the overview of development tasks has yet to be depicted in the psychological development of Indonesians. The aim of the study was to formulate developmental tasks according to the social environment. This research method was carried out through a survey that was distributed online in all regions of Indonesia. The development task screening questionnaire was prepared according to Havighurst's developmental tasks, including a description of open input at each stage. Respondents involved in the study were 345 participants, with a ratio of 78 men and 287 women. The age range of the respondents was 17 years to 63 years. Respondents came from 19 provinces, which means 50 percent of the total number of new provinces in Indonesia. Based on the number of major islands in Indonesia, the respondents represented 4 out of 5 islands or 80%. Hence, the research results can be used to describe Indonesian people. The results show that each stage of development has task contradictions, loss of developmental tasks, addition of developmental tasks and mutual substitution at the previous and subsequent stages. The details at each stage are possible to be elaborated in further studies.

Abstract: This Viewpoint advocates for the addition of clozapine prescribing as a milestone in psychiatric education.

Abstract: Indoor air quality is a critical yet often overlooked facet of our daily lives. This chapter seeks to shed light on this issue, offering a unique perspective through the lens of bio-inspired textiles. This exploration aims to create awareness and empower individuals to enhance their home environments. The method involved an extensive literature study, extracting insights from biology, design, and awareness campaigns. The results revealed the transformative potential of bio-inspired textile artifacts in raising awareness and fostering a sense of well-being in participants' homes. This research contributes valuable guidelines for decision-making for bio-inspired design, marking a significant milestone in the quest for healthier and harmonious living spaces.

Abstract: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Reviews (IJMRR) invites you to submit your peer-reviewed research paper worldwide, via our Online Submission System or through Email at editor@ijmrr.online.

Abstract: Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a cardiac disease featured by non-ischemic myocardial scarring linked to ventricular electrical instability. As there is no single gold-standard test, diagnosing ACM remains challenging and a combination of specific criteria is needed. The diagnostic criteria were first defined and widespread in 1994 and then revised in 2010, approaching and focusing primarily on right ventricular involvement without considering any kind of left ventricular variant or phenotype. Years later, in 2020, with the purpose of overcoming previous limitations, the Padua Criteria were introduced by an international expert report. The main novel elements were the introduction of specific criteria for left ventricular variants as well as the use of cardiac magnetic resonance for tissue characterization and scar detection. The last modifications and refinement of these criteria were published at the end of 2023 as the European Task Force criteria, by a “head-quarter” of ACM international experts, proving the emerging relevance of this condition besides its difficult diagnosis. In this review, emphasizing the progress in understanding the aetiology of the cardiomyopathy, an analysis of the new criteria is presented. The introduction of the term “scarring/arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy” sets an important milestone in this field, underlying how non-ischemic myocardial scarring—typical of ACM—and arrhythmic susceptibility could be the main pillars of numerous different phenotypic variants regardless of etiology.