TL;DR: Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumors were composed of a mixture of undifferentiated round cells and more differentiated cells with long cytoplasmic processes, which indicates that scanning electron microscope may be used effectively in the morphologic evaluation and pathologic diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
Abstract: Fine-needle aspiration biopsies from three patients with neuroblastoma were studied by light microscopy, and the morphologic findings were correlated with those from transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopic examination of the aspiration smears from all three cases revealed small and large round cells with variable numbers of intertwining cytoplasmic processes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic finding of cytoplasmic processes; in addition, it revealed the presence of other diagnostic morphologic features, including neurosecretory granules, microtubules, and synaptic cell junctions. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumors were composed of a mixture of undifferentiated round cells and more differentiated cells with long cytoplasmic processes. The morphologic spectrum of these processes and their interrelationships with one another and with other cells could be studied in detail. These findings indicate that scanning electron microscopy may be used effectively in the morphologic evaluation and pathologic diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
TL;DR: The results show that the microscopic technique described here is a reliable and suitable method for UTI diagnostics in routine clinical laboratories which examine daily large numbers of samples, most of them negative.
Abstract: An improved technique for diagnosing acute urinary tract infections (UTI) by means of microscopic estimation of bacteria, leucocytes, erythrocytes and epithelial cells in urine was tested clinically in a total of 1,807 samples obtained from hospital departments. Marked bacteriuria (≧105 bacteria per ml of urine) was found microscopically in 13.1% of the urines. Of these 1.9% were falsely positive. Altogether 3.5% of the samples were falsely negative. When the sample collection was controlled carefully and detailed information on possible collection errors was given regularly, sensitivity and specificity indices of the microscopic technique were 85.3 and 98.1, respectively. Microscopic finding of cocci, e.g. Enterococci andStr. agalactiae, was more difficult than that of rods. Alongside bacteriuria, finding of leucocytes (>5 leucocytes per microscopic field) was of great importance for UTI diagnostics, and it strengthened further the microscopic diagnosis, while erythrocytes and epithelial cells were of very poor significance for UTI diagnosis. The results show that the microscopic technique described here is a reliable and suitable method for UTI diagnostics in routine clinical laboratories which examine daily large numbers of samples, most of them negative.
TL;DR: In test group, rate of abortion and premature delivery, fetal malformation and small for date gestation were not significant higher than those of control group, and neither timing of first examination nor number of examinations at the first trimester seemed to increase above mentioned abnormality.
Abstract: In order to check the safety of diagnostic continuous wave ultrasonic irradiation, a clinical study, serum hemoglobin level and scanning electron microscopic finding of ultrasound irradiated blood were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. Clinical study: Ultrasonic examination were carried out on 6788 pregnant women at the first trimester of gestation. In test group, rate of abortion and premature delivery, fetal malformation and small for date gestation were not significant higher than those of control group. Neither timing of first examination nor number of examinations at the first trimester seemed to increase above mentioned abnormality. 2. Serum hemoglobin level: Blood exposed 2 to 12 hours to low intensity ultrasound (20 mw/cm2) showed significantly higher serum hemoglobin level than that of control group. However, blood exposed 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound (2.6 w/cm2) have significant higher hemoglobin level than that of control group. 3. Scanning electron microscopic finding: Erythrocyte exposed 4 to 24 hours to low intensity ultrasound have no significantly different scanning electron microscopic finding when compared to that of control group. However, deformed erythrocytes were significantly higher than those of control group after exposure to 40 to 120 minutes to high intensity ultrasound.