TL;DR: A combined molecular and morphological approach is used to conduct a comprehensive assessment of species and subgeneric boundaries, between-species phylogenetic affinities and within-species phylogeographic structure in Australian members of Mormopterus.
Abstract: The taxonomic uncertainty surrounding several prominent genera of Australian microbat has been a long-standing impediment to research and conservation efforts on these groups. The free-tail bat genus Mormopterus is perhaps the most significant example, with a long history of acknowledged species-level confusion. This study uses a combined molecular and morphological approach to conduct a comprehensive assessment of species and subgeneric boundaries, between-species phylogenetic affinities and within-species phylogeographic structure in Australian members of Mormopterus. Phylogenetic analyses based on 759 base pairs of the NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 2 mitochondrial gene were concordant with species boundaries delineated using an expanded allozyme dataset and by phallic morphology, and also revealed strong phylogeographic structure within two species. The levels of divergence evident in the molecular and morphological analyses led us to recognise three subgenera within Australia: Micronomus, Setirostris subgen. nov. and Ozimops subgen. nov. Within Ozimops we recognise seven Australian species, three of which are new, and none are conspecific with Indo-Papuan species. The family Molossidae now comprises eleven species across three subgenera in Australia, making it the continent’s second most speciose family of bats.
TL;DR: An isolated upper canine from the Chinchilla Local Fauna of southeastern Queensland is identified as representing the Australian molossid genus Mormopterus, subgenus Microllomlls, the first Australian Pliocene representative of the cosmopolitan family Molossidae and the first Tertiary Representative of the Microl1omLLs lineage.
Abstract: An isolated upper canine from the Pliocene Chinchilla Local Fauna of southeastern Queensland is identified as representing the Australian molossid genus Mormopterus, subgenus Microllomlls. It is the first Australian Pliocene representative of the cosmopolitan family Molossidae and the first Tertiary representative of the Microl1omlls lineage. Approximately six Microl1omlls species are today widely distributed across the Australian mainland, Papua New Guinea and Ambon, and are found in most habitat types from desert to rainforest. The discovery of an indeterminate species of Microl1omlls in the Chinchilla Local Fauna does not contradict the palaeoenvironmental interpretation of the area as woodland savannah.