TL;DR: Morphological investigations involving nearly all available museum material representing New Guinea “moss-mice” reveal outstanding undiagnosed taxic diversity and allow for redefinition of generic boundaries among these little-studied rodents.
Abstract: Morphological investigations involving nearly all available museum material representing New Guinea “moss-mice” (rodents traditionally classified in the genera Pseudohydromys, Neohydromys, Mayermys, and Microhydromys) reveal outstanding undiagnosed taxic diversity (a minimum of 16 species, versus the eight species previously described) and allow for redefinition of generic boundaries among these little-studied rodents. Apart from Microhydromys Tate and Archbold, 1941 (comprising two species, as recently revised by Helgen et al., in press), herein we recognize two genera of New Guinea moss-mice: Pseudohydromys Rummler, 1934 (now incorporating Neohydromys Laurie, 1952, Mayermys Laurie and Hill, 1954, and “Microhydromys” musseri Flannery, 1989) and a newly described genus, Mirzamys. Species of Pseudohydromys are recorded from montane areas throughout New Guinea (elevations spanning 600 to at least 3800 meters), including the mountain ranges of the Central Cordillera, the Huon Peninsula, and the Nort...
TL;DR: Microhydromys Tate and Archbold as mentioned in this paper includes the smallest of the native rodents of New Guinea and is the rarest Australo-Papuan rodent genus preserved in world museums.
Abstract: The murine rodent genus Microhydromys Tate and Archbold, 1941, includes the smallest of the native rodents of New Guinea and is the rarest Australo-Papuan rodent genus preserved in world museums. We discuss the morphological characteristics of Microhydromys and diagnose two species in the genus: M. richardsoni Tate and Archbold, 1941, distributed over northern New Guinea, and M. argenteus, n. sp., recorded from three localities in southern New Guinea. The only other species previously classified in the genus—Microhydromys musseri Flannery, 1989—is re-allocated to the genus Pseudohydromys Rummler, 1934. The little available information relating to their biology indicates the species of Microhydromys to be terrestrial inhabitants of foothill and lower montane forest formations and probably naturally rare in those environments.