TL;DR: Wood anatomical features support the generic status of Brasiliocroton, which molecular data place as the closest sister group to Croton, once Astraea has been removed from Croton and placed sister to AcidOCroton and Ophellantha.
Abstract: A new genus and species of Euphorbiaceae s.s., Brasiliocroton mamoninha, is described from two disjunct areas of lowland forest remnants in eastern and northeastern Brazil. It is a member of tribe Crotoneae and was previously confused with Croton and Micrandra. The resemblance to Micrandra is based on the branched inflorescences and terminal position of the pistillate flowers, trigonous capsules, and ovate leaves with basal glands, but the stamens are more numerous and the pollen is inaperturate (like Croton). Brasiliocroton has a stellate-rosulate indumentum like some Croton species, but its anthers are erect in bud, and the position of the pistillate flowers is anomalous in Croton. Molecular data place Brasiliocroton as the closest sister group to Croton, once Astraea has been removed from Croton and placed sister to Acidocroton and Ophellantha. Wood anatomical features support the generic status of Brasiliocroton.
TL;DR: Two species are considered new synonyms and two new lectotypes are designated, and the morphological relationships between Cunuria Baill.
Abstract: Taxonomic revision of Micrandra (Euphorbiaceae s.s.)). Micrandra Benth. is a Neotropical genus with its center of diversity in the Amazonas River basin. The species are trees, rarely shrubs with unisexual, apetal flowers, 3-10 stamens, schizocarpic fruits, and seeds either with or without a caruncle. As part of a review of this genus, collections of Brazilian and foreign herbaria were consulted, including type specimens. Nine species are recognized: Micrandra elata, M. gleasoniana, M. inunatada, M. lopezii, M. minor, M. rossiana, M. siphonioides, M. sprucei and M. spruceana. Micrandra elata and M. minor are new records for Colombia, and M. spruceana for Acre and Mato Grosso States, Brazil. Two species are considered new synonyms and two new lectotypes are designated. The morphological relationships between Cunuria Baill. and Micrandra are discussed. New morphological data and ilustrations are provided for M. sprucei. An identification keys to species, geographical distribution data and comments on the species are presented.
TL;DR: Heterosmilax, a small southeastern Asiatic genus in the Smilacaceae, comprises 11 species in two sections, including H. micrandra, which is described as new from Hainan, China, and a key is provided to differentiate them.
Abstract: Heterosmilax, a small southeastern Asiatic genus in the Smilacaceae, comprises 11 species in two sections, includingH. micrandra, which is described as new from Hainan, China. These taxa are taxonomically discussed, described, illustrated, and a key is provided to differentiate them.