Topic
Methylecgonidine
About: Methylecgonidine is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 26 publications have been published within this topic receiving 684 citations.
Papers
TL;DR: Quantitation of cocaine in the vapor during the course of volatilization revealed high concentrations during the first two min and low concentrations for the remaining time.
Abstract: The increasing popularity of inhaling cocaine vapor prompted the present study, to determine cocaine's fate during this process. The free base of [3H]cocaine (1 microCi/50 mg) was added to a glass pipe, which was then heated in a furnace to simulate freebasing. Negative pressure was used to draw the vapor through a series of glass wool, ethanol, acidic, and basic traps. Air flow rate and temperature were found to have profound effects on the volatilization and pyrolysis of cocaine. At a temperature of 260 degrees C and a flow rate of 400 mL/min, 37% of the radioactivity remained in the pipe, 39% was found in the glass wool trap, and less than 1% in the remainder of the volatilization apparatus after a 10-min volatilization. Reducing the air flow rate to 100 mL/min reduced the amount of radioactivity collected in the glass wool trap to less than 10% of the starting material and increased the amount that remained in the pipe to 58%. GC/MS analysis of the contents of the glass wool trap after volatilization at 260 degrees C and a flow rate of 400 mL/min revealed that 60% of the cocaine remained intact, while approximately 6 and 2% of the starting material was recovered as benzoic acid and methylecgonidine, respectively. As the temperature was increased to 650 degrees C, benzoic acid and methylecgonidine accounted for 83 and 89% of the starting material, respectively, whereas only 2% of the cocaine remained intact. Quantitation of cocaine in the vapor during the course of volatilization revealed high concentrations during the first two min and low concentrations for the remaining time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
125 citations
TL;DR: An aptasensor has been developed using capacitive monitoring of sensor surface incorporating alternating current electrokinetics effects to speed up molecular transport and minimize matrix effects and shows high promise in detection of low levels of cocaine from complex matrices.
68 citations
TL;DR: The likely different patterns of deposition in the respiratory tract of humans and animals of crack aerosols produced by different techniques warrant consideration, as they may influence the understanding of immediate and delayed sequelae of the inhalation of cocaine and its pyrolysis product, MEG.
Abstract: Crack is a form of cocaine base self-administered by smoking When heated, it volatilizes and may partially pyrolyze to methylecgonidine (MEG) Upon cooling, a condensation aerosol forms Heating cocaine base in model crack pipes produced particles of about 1 micron in diameter, regardless of the amount heated; however, MEG concentration increased from < or = 2% at 10 mg per heating to as much as 5% at 30 mg per heating Methylecgonidine was < or = 1% of the recovered material when cocaine was vaporized off a heated wire coil, but the particles were larger (2-5 microns), and the distribution disperse The vapor pressure of MEG was higher [log P(mm Hg) = 9994 - 3530/T] than cocaine base, consistent with MEG coating the droplet during condensation, and with evaporation during aging or dilution Disappearance of MEG from a chamber filled with crack smoke was a two-component process, one proceeding at the rate of cocaine particle removal, and the other at the desorption rate from other surfaces Particle diameter influences the deposition site in the respiratory tract; thus, the likely different patterns of deposition in the respiratory tract of humans and animals of crack aerosols produced by different techniques warrant consideration, as they may influence our understanding of immediate and delayed sequelae of the inhalation of cocaine and its pyrolysis product, MEG
62 citations
TL;DR: This study proposes a new method of discrimination between cocaine HCl and crack by GC or GC/MS with a curie point pyrolyzer and finds that the lower concentration of cocaine in crack resulted in a lower inhalation efficiency of cocaine.
Abstract: The inhalation efficiency and pyrolysis products of cocaine by the pyrolysis of crack and cocaine hydrochloride at various temperatures are described. The inhalation efficiency of cocaine by the pyrolysis of crack was 73 +/- 9% and 62 +/- 11% at 170 degrees C and 220 degrees C, respectively. When crack was heated at over 225 degrees C, the higher temperature resulted in a lower inhalation efficiency of cocaine. In that case, more methylecgonidine was produced. Furthermore, in the pyrolysis of crack, the lower concentration of cocaine in crack resulted in a lower inhalation efficiency of cocaine. The major pyrolysis product of cocaine HCl was a mixture of alpha, beta, gamma, and delta-carbomethoxycyclo-heptatrienes, and the major pyrolysis product of crack was methylecgonidine. This study proposes a new method of discrimination between cocaine HCl and crack by GC or GC/MS with a curie point pyrolyzer.
54 citations
TL;DR: Specific airway conductance (SGaw), heart rate, and rectal and skin temperatures were measured in squirrel monkeys breathing atmospheres containing condensation aerosols of cocaine or MEG free base, demonstrating that the aerosols so generated had biological activity.
Abstract: Generating controlled test atmospheres of known chemical identity and airborne concentration upon demand is a significant technical obstacle that limits the scope and repeatability of studies of inhaled substances. We addressed this problem as applied to the generation of atmospheres that result from heating crack cocaine, which include both cocaine and its pyrolyzate methylecgonidine (MEG). A condensation aerosol generator was used to generate atmospheres comprised of monodisperse particles of cocaine, MEG, or mixtures of both that are of submicron size suitable for deposition in the alveolar region of primates. Compressed air seeded with nanometer-size sodium chloride particles was passed through a constant depth of molten cocaine or MEG in a bead bed, reheated, and condensed to an aerosol within an annulus of cold air. To achieve control of a mixture of both compounds, MEG was condensed onto cocaine particles in a separate coating step. On-line analytical instruments provided verification of airborne concentration, estimates of particle size, and dispersion as well as chemical identity. Specific airway conductance (SGaw), heart rate, and rectal and skin temperatures were measured in squirrel monkeys breathing atmospheres containing condensation aerosols of cocaine or MEG free base. SGaw was reduced after inhalation of either base, and both induced temperature and cardiovascular changes, demonstrating that the aerosols so generated had biological activity.
44 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2018 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2015 | 1 |
| 2011 | 1 |
| 2005 | 1 |
| 2003 | 1 |