TL;DR: It is difficult to draw broad conclusions regarding a definitive target zone for cup positioning in THA, due to variability between studies and the likely multifactorial nature of THA dislocation.
Abstract: Background and purpose - Hip dislocation is one of the most common complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA). Several factors that affect dislocation have been identified, including acetabular cup positioning. Optimal values for cup inclination and anteversion are debatable. We performed a systematic review to describe the different methods for measuring cup placement, target zones for cup positioning, and the association between cup positioning and dislocation following primary THA. Methods - A systematic search of literature in the PubMed database was performed (January and February 2016) to identify articles that compared acetabular cup positioning and the risk of dislocation. Surgical approach and methods for measurement of cup angles were also considered. Results - 28 articles were determined to be relevant to our research question. Some articles demonstrated that cup positioning influenced postoperative dislocation whereas others did not. The majority of articles could not identify a statistically significant difference between dislocating and non-dislocating THA with regard to mean angles of cup anteversion and inclination. Most of the articles that assessed cup placement within the Lewinnek safe zone did not show a statistically significant reduction in dislocation rate. Alternative target ranges have been proposed by several authors. Interpretation - The Lewinnek safe zone could not be justified. It is difficult to draw broad conclusions regarding a definitive target zone for cup positioning in THA, due to variability between studies and the likely multifactorial nature of THA dislocation. Future studies comparing cup positioning and dislocation rate should investigate surgical approach separately. Standardized tools for measurement of cup positioning should be implemented to allow comparison between studies.
TL;DR: In this paper, a liquid dispenser package is described which is adapted to dispense liquids without mess and which incorporates a measuring cup which is also the closure for the package, which can be used to measure and dispense liquid.
Abstract: A liquid dispenser package is described which is adapted to dispense liquids without mess and which incorporates a measuring cup which is also the closure for the package. The package of the present invention includes a container having a dispensing orifice for storing the liquid product, a transition collar to be attached to the container finish surrounding its orifice and having an extended pouring spout and a transverse partition with drain to collect and return residual liquid to the container, and a measuring cup with an open mouth having threads on its exterior to attach the cup to the interior of the transition collar where it functions as the closure for the package. Because of the extended pouring spout, the residual liquid drain back feature, and the exterior threads on the measuring cup, virtually all mess normally associated with liquid product measuring and dispensing is obviated.
TL;DR: In this article, a device to mix and extrude various ingredients including pastas, pastries, baked goods, hors d'oeuvres, and cookies is described, including an automatic measuring cup, a mixing and extrusion feed for handling different consistencies of ingredients, an integrated automatic cutter, motor cooling and extruded ingredient drying, as well as various safety devices.
Abstract: A device to mix and extrude various ingredients including pastas, pastries, baked goods, hors d'oeuvres, and cookies. The device includes novel measuring, mixing and extrusion arrangements including: an automatic measuring cup; a way to continuously mix and extrude ingredients without intervening cleanings; a mixing and extrusion feed for handling different consistencies of ingredients; an integrated automatic cutter; motor cooling and extruded ingredient drying; as well as various safety devices.
TL;DR: In this paper, a container with a bottle having a neck with an opening in which there is mounted a gasket in the form of a pouring and drainback fitment is described.
Abstract: A package for storing and dispensing pourable contents includes a container with a bottle having a neck with an opening in which there is mounted a gasket in the form of a pouring and drainback fitment. The fitment has a spout, a circumscribing well in communication with the bottle opening, and a lip supported on the neck of the bottle. A cap includes a measuring cup, the brim of which is received within the well of the fitment, when the container and cap are fastened. The threaded exterior wall of the cap is connected to the measuring cup by a web which is urged against the lip of the gasket forming drainback fitment to form a leak-proof seal when the cap is threaded onto the neck of the bottle.
TL;DR: A dispensing and closing package for liquid products has a cap which also serves as a measuring cup and a passageway is provided adjacent to a common point between the cap and the dispensing cylinder running between the container body and the inside of the cap as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A dispensing and closing package for liquid products has a cap which also serves as a measuring cup The cap fits on the outer circumference of a dispensing cylinder A passageway is provided adjacent to a common point between the cap and the dispensing cylinder running between the container body and the inside of the cap Residual liquid products adherent in the inside of the cap returns into the container body through the passageway