TL;DR: The tribal divisions in the Anacardiaceae are supported by the inflorescence morphology, and Toxicodendron is exceptional for the tribe Rhoeae having axillary panicles.
Abstract: Barfod, A. 1988. Inflorescence morphology of some South American Anacardiaceae and the possible phylogenetic trends. - Nord. J. Bot. 8: 3–11. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.
The inflorescences of 15 native and one introduced species of South American Anacardiaceae belonging to the genera Anacardium, Loxopterygium, Mangifera, Mauria, Mosquitoxylon, Schinus, Spondias, Tapirira and Toxicodendron are described according to the terminology of Troll and coworkers. The tribal divisions in the Anacardiaceae are supported by the inflorescence morphology. Tribe Spondia-deae has paniculate inflorescences whereas tribe Anacardieae and tribe Rhoeae both have thyrsoids. Toxicodendron is exceptional for the tribe Rhoeae having axillary panicles. Thyrosids are hypothesized derived from panicles by a two step process including neoteny and enriching by cymose branching.
TL;DR: The Caribbean Islands and Central America form a transitional geographic bridge between North and South America, but the distribution of members of the Anacardiaceae between these two continents is abrupt and there are few medical reports of plant dermatitis from Central America and the Caribbean.
TL;DR: The majority of the poisonous South American Anacardiaceae, which comprise the genera Toxicodendron, Lithraea, Mauria, Tapirira and Loxopterigium, are confined to well-defined geographic or climatic areas and the native populations are aware of the dangers involved in handling or even approaching them.
TL;DR: The oleoresin of Mauria puberula, a poisonous species of the Anacardiaceae that is indigenous to the Venezuelan Andes, was shown to cause both primary irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs and humans.
Abstract: The oleoresin of Mauria puberula (MP), a poisonous species of the Anacardiaceae that is indigenous to the Venezuelan Andes, was shown to cause both primary irritant dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs and humans. Cross-sensitization reactions were found in persons with known allergy to Toxicodendron spp. or Lithraea caustica and in guinea pigs sensitized to 3- n -pentadecylcatechol. These results suggest that the active principles of MP are probably chemically related to, but not identical to, those of Toxicodendron .