TL;DR: The sources of Presocratic philosophy, David T. Runia as mentioned in this paper, are discussed in detail in the pre-history of philosophy in an Orientalizing context, and the role of Hippocratic Medicine in the formation of early Greek Thought.
Abstract: 1. Introduction 2. The Sources of Presocratic Philosophy, David T.Runia 3. Prehistory of Presocratic Philosophy in an Orientalizing Context, Walter Burkert 4. Milesian Measures: Time, Space, and Matter, Stephen A. White 5. The Cloud-Astrophyics of Xenophanes and Ionian Material Monism, Alexander P. D. Mourelatos 6. Heraclitus: Flux, Order, and Knowledge, Daniel W. Graham 7. Signs and Arguments in Parmenides B8, Richard McKirahan 8. Anaxagoras and the Theory of Everything, Patricia Curd 9. Empedocles: Physical Divinity and Allegorical Myth, Oliver Primavesi 10. Two Problems in Pythagoreanism, Carl Huffman 11. Atomism's Eleatic Roots, David Sedley 12. Leucippus's Atomism, Daniel W. Graham 13. Speculating about Diogenes of Appolonia, Andre Laks 14. The Sophists, Michael Gagarin and Paul Woodruff 15. The Role of Hippocratic Medicine in the Formation of Early Greek Thought, Philip van der Eijk 16. Presocratic Cosmologies, R. J. Hankinson 17. Reason, Cause, and Explanation in Presocratic Philosophy, J. H. Lesher 18. Presocratic Theology, T. M. Robinson 19. Aristotle's Account of the Origins of Philosophy, Michael Frede 20. Classical Representations and Uses of the Presocratics, John Palmer
TL;DR: The authors argue that Parmenides champions a metaphysically refined form of material monism, a type-monism of things, and that light and night are allomorphs of what-is (to eon).
Abstract: According to current interpretations of Parmenides, he either embraces a token-monism of things, or a type-monism of the nature of each kind of thing, or a generous monism, accepting a token-monism of things of a specific type, necessary being. These interpretations share a common flaw: they fail to secure commensurability between Parmenides’ alētheia and doxa. We effect this by arguing that Parmenides champions a metaphysically refined form of material monism, a type-monism of things; that light and night are allomorphs of what-is (to eon); and that the key features of what-is are entailed by the theory of material monism.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine Diogenes of Apollonia's doctrines of intellection and soul in relation to his material principle, air, and argue that these doctrines are not, as commonly thought, some sort of air (namely, warm air), even though both intelligence and soul are to be understood in terms of air and the system of τρόποι of air that he has set up.
Abstract: This article examines Diogenes of Apollonia’s doctrines of intellection (νόησις) and soul in relation to his material principle, air. It argues that for Diogenes both intellection and soul are not, as commonly thought, some sort of air (namely, warm air), even though both intellection and soul are to be understood in terms of air and the system of τρόποι of air that he has set up. These new interpretations of intellection and soul yield insight into Diogenes’ claims about the ordering activity of air as intellection and a renewed appreciation for his material monism.
TL;DR: The need for a fusion between technological singularity and transcendental monism is posited as the best compromise for sustainable alternative futures as discussed by the authors, where higher conscious humans use technology (innovation) as a means for sustainable higher order living expandable to the universe as a whole.
Abstract: The need for a fusion between technological singularity and transcendental monism is posited as the best compromise for sustainable alternative futures. Four possible futures could emanate from a combination of two types of technological progress and metaphysical monism: (a) Technological singularity and material monism could lead to the end of humanity as we know it and usher in the era of transhumanism. (b) Linear change and material monism could lead to an extrapolation of the present into the current future, i.e. development and under-development, haves and have-nots, ecological-environmental unsustainability. (c) Linear change and transcendental monism could lead to consciousness as the dominant causal reality in a low-technological world with sustainable naturalism. (d) Technological singularity and transcendental monism could lead to completely new futures where higher conscious humans use technology (innovation) as a means for sustainable higher order living expandable to the universe as a whole.