Markhamia

Abstract: Phytochemical investigation of an ethyl-acetate extract of the stem bark of Markhamia tomentosa (Bignoniaceae), which had good antimalarial activity in vitro, resulted in the isolation of eight known compounds: 2-acetylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (1), 2-acetyl-6-methoxynaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione (2), oleanolic acid (3), pomolic acid (4), 3-acetylpomolic acid (5), tormentic acid (6), beta-sitosterol (7) and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8). The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic methods. Each of compounds 1, 2, 4 and 5 was evaluated in vitro for its antiprotozoal activities against the ring stages of two chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (K1 and W2), the amastigotes of Leishmania donovani, and the bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (the species responsible for human malaria, visceral leishmaniasis and African trypanosomiasis, respectively). Although compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent antiprotozoal activities, they also showed high toxicity against a mammalian (L-6) cell line.

Abstract: Context: Plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth) K. Schum ex. Engl. (Bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.Objective: The antifungal and antiproliferative properties of endophytic fungi extracts and fractions from M. tomentosa were evaluated.Material and methods: Endophytic fungi were isolated from the leaves of M. tomentosa and identified by ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. The antagonistic effect of the fungal strains was investigated against pathogenic fungi viz, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorium, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture assay for 5–7 days. Antiproliferative effect of the fungal extracts and fractions (3.91–250 μg/mL) on HeLa cancer cell line was tested and IC50 was calculated. Poisoning food assay and antifeedant activity against the pathogenic fungi and Spodoptera litura larvae, for 7 days and 2 h, respectively, was also tested at concentrations of 25...

Abstract: Aims: To present a compilation of data regarding the phytochemical content and pharmacological activities pertaining to genus Markhamia as one of 120 genera belonging to family Bignoniaceae. Study Design: Literature was collected from various published textbooks and scientific papers then the required data was summarized and presented in both tabulated form and concise text. Results: Phenyl propanoids, triterpenic acids and anthraquinones are the major phytochemicals reported in this genus. Traditional clinical practice demonstrated that the different species of Markhamia were used in curing anaemia and bloody diarrhoea in Africa as well as other ethnopharmacological uses. Many reports were published explaining the activity of the extracts of various species of Markhamia as potential anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, anthelmintic, analgesic, anti-viral, antimicrobial and anti-fungal agents. Conclusion: This review presents an overview on the reported phytochemicals isolated from different Markhamia species and the biological activities associated with various Markhamia extracts and isolated compounds. Review Article Ali et al.; EJMP, 6(3): 124-142, 2015; Article no.EJMP.2015.049 125