TL;DR: In this paper, the authors developed a theory of financial intermediaries as information producers and used a special case of what has been called a screening or certification process (see Stiglitz [6] and Viscusi [7]), and what they prefer to callsorting.
Abstract: In a recent paper [3] we developed a theory of financial intermediariesas information producers. We argued that financial intermediaries are one class of market participants who specialize in the production of information and sell that informationtofirms with investments to finance which can profit from its distribution. In order to focus on financial intermediation, we sacrificed considerable generality in our model ofcompetitive information production in capital markets. In particular we assumed that there were only two types of assets available in the market known as type A and type B firms. Second, we assumed that information would be produced about all assets by only one information producer or that information was a declining cost industry. The approach we utilized is actually a special case of what has been called a screening or certification process (see Stiglitz [6] and Viscusi [7]), and what we prefer to callsorting. The sorting market is a market where high value and low value assets are distinguished by market participants who specialize in sorting. It is similar, but not identical, to the process of signaling developed by Spence [5] and applied to financial markets by Ross [4] and Bhattacharya [1]. Yet, the extant literature on sorting has, by and large, ignored the opportunity for thosewho stand to lose from sorting to offer side payments to thwart the sorting process. While the problem of side payments may be of minor significance for some applications of sorting and signaling models, the prospect of side payments appears to be an important if not crucial issue infinancial markets.
TL;DR: In this article, the first hurdle that a project must surmount is an indication of its viability in the local investment environment, regardless of the apparent profitability of the project at the parent.
Abstract: This paper addresses certain critical aspects in the technology of the financial analysis of foreign investment projects by the investing concern. Recent pedagogy in the field [2] indicates the desirability of a two-stage or double-hurdle approach to the analysis of such projects. The first hurdle that a project must surmount is an indication of its viability in the local investment environment. The overall project cash flows in local currency are developed from market data and engineering and production studies, and a determination is made using payback, present-value, internal rate-of-return considerations, or whatever, as to whether or not the project is viable in a local economic sense. Failure to meet the local viability test results (or ought to result) in project rejection, regardless of the apparent profitability of the project at the parent.
TL;DR: In this paper, an attempt to explain the pattern of development of the Philippine financial market has been made, where the authors provided a brief historical analysis of the financial system and developed an aggregative intermediation model and applied it to the Philippine stock market.
Abstract: This study is an attempt to explain the pattern of development of the Philippine financial market. First, it provides a brief historical analysis of the financial system. It then develops an aggregative intermediation model and applies it to the Philippine stock market. It also discusses money market, finance choice. Finally, flow of funds data are utilized to provide some empirical insights into finance decisions.
TL;DR: Not since the Great Depression of the 1930s have the financial markets been so turbulent as mentioned in this paper, and individuals, corporations, and financial institutions have taken some innovative steps to protect themselves.
Abstract: Not since the Great Depression of the 1930s have the financial markets been so turbulent. Individuals, corporations, and financial institutions have taken some innovative steps to protect themselves.