TL;DR: In this paper, Nandakumar and Vyasa's Mahabharata: Sikhandin's Sex Change (Sanskrit) Manikantha Jataka (Pali) Vishnu Sharma's Panchatantra (SANSKHara) Vatsyayana's Kamasutra (Sinshara) Part II: InTRODUCTION: MEDIEVAL MATERIALS in the SANSKRATIC TRADITION Bhagvata Purana : The Embrace of Shiva and Vishnu (Santskara)
Abstract: PART I: INTRODUCTION: ANCIENT INDIAN MATERIALS Vyasa's Mahabharata : Sikhandin's Sex Change (Sanskrit) Manikantha Jataka (Pali) Vishnu Sharma's Panchatantra (Sanskrit) Vatsyayana's Kamasutra (Sanskrit) PART II: INTRODUCTION: MEDIEVAL MATERIALS IN THE SANSKRATIC TRADITION Bhagvata Purana : The Embrace of Shiva and Vishnu (Sanskrit) Skanda Purana : Sumedha and Somavan (Sanskrit) Shiva Purana : The Birth of Kartikeya (Sanskrit) Shiva Purana : The Birth of Ganesha (Sanskrit) Somadeva Bhatta's Kathasaritsagara : Kalingasena and Somaprabha (Sanskrit) Padma Purana : Arjuni (Sanskrit) Ayyappa and Vavar: Celibate Friends Krittivasa Ramayana : The Birth of Bhagiratha (Bengali) Jagannath Das (Oriya) PART III: INTRODUCTION: MEDIEVAL MATERIALS IN THE PERSO-URDU TRADITION Amir Khusro (Persian and Hindvi) Ziauddin Barani: The Khaljis in Love (Persian) The Mirror of Secrets : 'Akhi' Jamshed Rajgiri (Persian) Baburnama (Turkish) 'Mutribi' Samarqandi: The Fair and the Dark Boys (Persian) Haqiqat al-Fuqara : Poetic Biography of "Madho Lal" Hussayn (Persian), with Hussayn's poems (Punjabi) Sarmad (Persian) Muhammad Akram 'Ghanimat' Kanjohi: Love's Sorcery (Persian) 'Abru': Advice to a Beloved (Urdu) Siraj Aurangabadi: The Garden of Delusion (Urdu) Mir Abdul Hai'Taban': The Lover Who Looked like a Beloved (Urdu) Dargah Quli Khan: Portrait of a City (Persian) Mir Taqi 'Mir': Autobiography and Poems (Persian and Urdu) PART IV: INTRODUCTION: MODERN INDIAN MATERIALS Nazir Akbaraadi (Urdu) Rekhti Poetry: Love Between Women (Urdu) Shri Ramakrishna Paramahansa (Bengali) Bankim Chandra Chatterjee: Indira (Bengali) The Kamasutra in the Twentieth Century Gopabandhu Das: Poems Written in Prison (Oriya) The New Homophobia: Ugra's Chocolate (Hindi) M. K. Gandhi: Reply to a Query (English) Amrita Sher-Gil: Letters (English) Hakim Muhammad Yusuf Hasan: Do Shiza (Urdu) 'Firaq' Gorakhpuri: Poet vs. 'Critic' (Urdu) Sharada: 'Farewell' (Hindi) Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala': Kulli Bhaat (Hindi) Josh Malihabadi: 'There Will Never Be Another Like You' (Urdu) Ismat Chughatai: 'Tehri Lakeer' (Urdu) Rajendra Yadav: 'Waiting' (Hindi) Bhupen Khakhar: A Story (Gujarati) Kishori Charan Das: 'Sarama's Romjance' (Oriya) Kewal Sood: The Hen Coop (Hindi) Shobhana Siddique: 'Full to the Brim' (Hindi) V.T. Nandakumar: Two Girls (Malayalam) Vijay Dan Detha: 'A Double Life' (Jajasthani) Vikram Seth: Poems (English) Nirmala Deshpande: 'Mary Had a Little Lamb' (Marathi) Vijay Tendulkar: Mitra's Story (Marathi) Sunil Gangopadhyay: Those Days (Bengali) H.S. Shivaprakash: Shakespeare Dreamship (Kannada) Inez Vere Dullas: Poems (English) Hoshang Merchant: Poems for Vivan (English) Ambia: 'One Person and Another' (Tamil)
TL;DR: This article presented a typology of ergative marking and agreement in Indo-Aryan languages and extended the analysis to dialect variation in one language, Marathi, showing that the dialect typology parallels the cross-linguistic typology, but only within the range permitted by changes already present in the parent language (Old Marathi).
Abstract: While New Indo-Aryan languages are a common example of morphological ergativity, the range of variation in ergative marking and agreement among these languages has not been examined in detail. The goals of this paper are twofold. We first present a typology of ergative marking and agreement in Indo-Aryan languages, demonstrating that a progressive loss of ergative marking has occurred to varying degrees in different systems. This process is manifested in two distinct strategies of markedness reduction: loss of overt subject marking in the nominal domain and loss of marked agreement in the verbal domain. Using the framework of Optimality Theory (OT; Prince & Smolensky 1993), we account for the typology in terms of universal subhierarchies of markedness (Aissen 1999; Woolford 2001). Extending the analysis to dialect variation in one language, Marathi, we show that the dialect typology parallels the cross-linguistic typology, but only within the range permitted by changes already present in the parent language (Old Marathi). Furthermore, the dialect typology includes additional hybrid case-agreement systems predicted by our analysis.
TL;DR: A Devanagari character recognition experiment with 20 different writers with each writer writing 5 samples of each character in a totally unconstrained way, has been conducted and the use of writer dependent models to improve the recognition accuracy is explored.
Abstract: Devanagari is a script used for several major languages such as Hindi, Sanskrit, Marathi and Nepali, and is used by more than 500 million people. Unconstrained Devanagari writing is more complex than English cursive due to the possible variations in the order, number, directional and shape of the constituent strokes. An online pen computing environment has numerous application in providing an easy human interface for a complex script like Devanagari. A Devanagari character recognition experiment with 20 different writers with each writer writing 5 samples of each character in a totally unconstrained way, has been conducted. An accuracy of 86.5% with no rejects is achieved through the combination of multiple classifiers that focus on either local online properties, or global off-line properties. Further improvements in performance are expected by using word-level contextual information. We also explore the use of writer dependent models to improve the recognition accuracy.
TL;DR: This paper discusses the efforts in collecting speech databases for Indian languages – Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu, and discusses relevant design considerations in collecting these databases.
Abstract: This paper discusses the efforts in collecting speech databases for Indian languages – Bengali, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu. We discuss relevant design considerations in collecting these databases, and demonstrate their usage in speech synthesis. By releasing these speech databases in the public domain without any restrictions for non commercial and commercial purposes, we hope to promote research and developmental activities in building speech synthesis systems in Indian languages.
TL;DR: The crux of the idea is to use the linked WordNets of two languages to bridge the language gap by using WordNet senses as features for supervised sentiment classification in Hindi and Marathi.
Abstract: Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis (CLSA) is the task of predicting the polarity of the opinion expressed in a text in a language Ltest using a classifier trained on the corpus of another language Lt rain. Popular approaches use Machine Translation (MT) to convert the test document in Ltest to Lt rain and use the classifier of Lt rain. However, MT systems do not exist for most pairs of languages and even if they do, their translation accuracy is low. So we present an alternative approach to CLSA using WordNet senses as features for supervised sentiment classification. A document in Ltest is tested for polarity through a classifier trained on sense marked and polarity labeled corpora of Lt rain. The crux of the idea is to use the linked WordNets of two languages to bridge the language gap. We report our results on two widely spoken Indian languages, Hindi (450 million speakers) and Marathi (72 million speakers), which do not have an MT system between them. The sense-based approach gives a CLSA accuracy of 72% and 84% for Hindi and Marathi sentiment classification respectively. This is an improvement of 14%-15% over an approach that uses a bilingual dictionary.