TL;DR: The role of Modal Logics in the Description of a Geographical Information System and the Role of the User in Generalization within Geographic Information Systems are discussed.
Abstract: Cognitive and Linguistic Aspects of Geographic Space: An Introduction.- Section 1: Geographic Space.- 1.1 Geographic Space as a Set of Concrete Geographical Entities.- 1.2 Some Notes on Geographic Information Systems: The Relationship Between their Practical Application and their Theoretical Evolution.- 1.3 A Hand-In-Glove Paradigm for Geography.- Section 2: Cultural Influences on the Conceptualization of Geographic Space.- 2.1 "Through the Door": A View of Space from an Anthropological Perspective.- 2.2 Culture as Input and Output of the Cognitive-Linguistic Processes.- 2.3 Dialogic and Argumentative Structures of Bumper Stickers.- Section 3: Wayfinding and Spatial Cognition.- 3.1 The Development of the Abilities Required to Understand Spatial Representations.- 3.2 Making Sense of Human Wayfinding: Review of Cognitive and Linguistic Knowledge for Personal Navigation with a New Research Directioa.- 3.3 Wayfinding Theory and Research: The Need for a New Approach.- 3.4 The Effect of the Pattern of the Environment on Spatial Knowledge Acquisition.- 3.5 Methods for Measuring Spatial Cognition.- 3.6 Path Finding in Free Space Using Sinusoidal Transforms: III.- Section 4: Cartographic Perspectives.- 4.1 Mapping as Language or Semiotic System: Review and Comment.- 4.2 Plan Information and its Retrieval in Map Interpretation: The View from Semiotics.- 4.3 An Approach to Map/Text Interrelationships.- 4.4 Spatial Knowledge for Image Understanding.- Section 5: Formal Treatment of Space in Mathematics.- 5.1 The Mathematical Modeling of Spatial and Non-Spatial Information in Geographic Information Systems.- 5.2 Map Algebra as a Spatial Language.- 5.3 Qualitative Spatial Reasoning.- 5.4 Relative Representation of Spatial Knowledge: The 2-D Case.- 5.5 Matching Representations of Geographic Locations.- 5.6 The Role of Modal Logics in the Description of a Geographical Information System.- Section 6: User Interfaces and Human-Computer Interaction.- 6.1 A Formalization of Metaphors and Image-Schemas in User Interfaces.- 6.2 Elicitation of Spatial Language to Support Cross-Cultural Geographic Information Systems.- 6.3 UGIX: A Layer Based Model For A GIS User Interface.- 6.4 Deficiencies of SQL as a GIS Query Language.- 6.5 The Role of the User in Generalization within Geographic Information Systems.- 6.6 Virtual Worlds, Inside and Out.- Appendix: NATO Advanced Study Institute Participants.
TL;DR: The modelling formalism of cellular automata is generalized and extended within Geo-Algebra, a mathematical generalization of map algebra capable of expressing a variety of dynamic spatial models and spatial data manipulations within a common framework.
Abstract: In this paper the modelling formalism of cellular automata (CA) is generalized and extended within Geo-Algebra, a mathematical generalization of map algebra capable of expressing a variety of dynamic spatial models and spatial data manipulations within a common framework. Map dynamics, that is, the integration of the spatial dynamics reflected in CA and the spatial data handling capabilities of map algebra, constitutes a critical element within a wider project which sets out to formulate a general framework for simultaneously supporting spatial database manipulations and static and dynamic modelling within GIS. Map dynamics can also allow the modelling of additional dynamic behaviours and phenomena such as adaptation, design, learning and gaming not currently expressible as GIS models.
TL;DR: GeoMesa is a distributed spatio-temporal database built on top of Hadoop and column-family databases such as Accumulo and HBase that includes a suite of tools for indexing, managing and analyzing both vector and raster data.
Abstract: Recent advances in distributed databases and computing have transformed the landscape of spatio-temporal machine learning. This paper presents GeoMesa, a distributed spatio-temporal database built on top of Hadoop and column-family databases such as Accumulo and HBase, that includes a suite of tools for indexing, managing and analyzing both vector and raster data. The indexing techniques use space filling curves to map multi-dimensional data to the single lexicographic list managed by the underlying distributed database. In contrast to traditional non-distributed RDBMS, GeoMesa is capable of scaling horizontally by adding more resources at runtime; the index rebalances across the additional resources. In the raster domain, GeoMesa leverages Accumulo's server-side iterators and aggregators to perform raster interpolation and associative map algebra operations in parallel at query time. The paper concludes with two geo-time data fusion examples: using GeoMesa to aggregate Twitter data by keywords; and georegistration to drape full-motion video (FMV) over terrain.
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-modelling framework that automates the very labor-intensive and therefore time-heavy and expensive process of formalizing and implementing a model.
Abstract: * Introduction* Nature of the Data* Map Algebra* Characterizing the Function Operations* Modeling Essetials* Conceptualizing the Model* Model Formulation, Flowcharting, and Implementation* Conflict Resolution and Prescriptive Modeling* Model Verification, Validation, and Acceptability
TL;DR: In this article, an extension of map algebra to three dimensions for spatio-temporal data handling is proposed, where cube functions operate on data cubes representing two-dimensional space over a third-dimensional period of time.
Abstract: We propose an extension of map algebra to three dimensions for spatio-temporal data handling. This approach yields a new class of map algebra functions that we call "cube functions." Whereas conventional map algebra functions operate on data layers representing two-dimensional space, cube functions operate on data cubes representing two-dimensional space over a third-dimen- sional period of time. We describe the prototype implementation of a spatio-temporal data structure and selected cube function versions of conventional local, focal, and zonal map algebra functions. The utility of cube functions is demonstrated through a case study analyzing the spatio-temporal variability of remotely sensed, southeastern U.S. vegetation character over various land covers and during different El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. Like conventional map algebra, the application of cube functions may demand significant data preprocessing when integrating diverse data sets, and are subject to limitations related to data storage and algorithm performance. Solutions to these issues include extending data compression and computing strategies for calculations on very large data volumes to spatio-temporal data handling.