Mandelbulb

Abstract: (Subchapter Titles): I. Foundations. Mathematical Preliminaries: Analysis and Topology. Probability Theory. Algebra. Construction of Fractal Sets: Classical Fractal Sets. Iterated Function Systems. Recurrent Sets. Graph Directed Fractal Constructions. Dimension Theory: Topological Dimensions. Metric Dimensions. Probabilistic Dimensions. Dimension Results for Self-Affine Fractals. The Box Dimension of Projections. Dynamical Systems and Dimension. II. Fractal Functions and Fractal Surfaces: Fractal Function Construction: The Read-BajraktarevicOperator. Recurrent Sets as Fractal Functions. Iterative Interpolation Functions. Recurrent Fractal Functions. Hidden Variable Fractal Functions. Properties of Fractal Functions. Peano Curves. Fractal Functions of Class C gt gt . Dimension of Fractal Functions: gt Dimension Calculations. Function Spaces and Dimension. Fractal Functions and Wavelets: gt Basic Wavelet Theory. Fractal Function Wavelets. Fractal Surfaces: gt Tensor Product Fractal Surfaces. Affine Fractal Surfaces in R gt n+M gt . Properties of Fractal Surfaces. Fractal Surfaces of Class Ck gt . Fractal Surfaces and Wavelets in R gt n gt : gt Brief Review of Coxeter Groups. Fractal Functions on Foldable Figures. Interpolation on Foldable Figures. Dilation and W gt Invariant Spaces. Multiresolution Analyses. List of Symbols. Bibliography. Author Index. Subject Index.

Abstract: Number theory and fractal geometry are combined in this study of the vibrations of fractal strings. The book centres around a notion of complex dimension, originally developed for the proof of the Prime Number Theorem, and extended here to apply to the zeta functions associated with fractals.

Abstract: We describe and analyze a parametrization of fractal ‘‘curves’’ (i.e., fractal of topological dimension 1). The nondifferentiability of fractals and their infinite length forbid a complete description based on usual real numbers. We show that using nonstandard analysis it is possible to solve this problem: A class of nonstandard curves (whose standard part is the usual fractal) is defined so that a curvilinear coordinate along the fractal can be built, this being the first step towards the possible definition and study of a fractal space. We mention fields of physics to which such a formalism could be applied in the future.

Abstract: A new calculus on fractal curves, such as the von Koch curve, is formulated. We define a Riemann-like integral along a fractal curve F, called Fα-integral, where α is the dimension of F. A derivative along the fractal curve called Fα-derivative, is also defined. The mass function, a measure-like algorithmic quantity on the curves, plays a central role in the formulation. An appropriate algorithm to calculate the mass function is presented to emphasize its algorithmic aspect. Several aspects of this calculus retain much of the simplicity of ordinary calculus. We establish a conjugacy between this calculus and ordinary calculus on the real line. The Fα-integral and Fα-derivative are shown to be conjugate to the Riemann integral and ordinary derivative respectively. In fact, they can thus be evalutated using the corresponding operators in ordinary calculus and conjugacy. Sobolev Spaces are constructed on F, and Fα-differentiability is generalized. Finally we touch upon an example of absorption along fractal paths, to illustrate the utility of the framework in model making.