TL;DR: The question of species identification and delimitation is addressed by analysing the second half of the mitochondrial gene coding for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) subunit, and the pattern of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions is discussed in the light of functional domains of the COI molecule.
Abstract: The genus Macroplea Samouelle, 1819 is a group of highly specialized aquatic leaf beetles occurring in the Palaearctic. Since the members of this genus are morphologically very similar, we addressed the question of species identification and delimitation by analysing the second half of the mitochondrial gene coding for the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) subunit. Species limits are inferred from the multimodal frequency distribution of genetic distances between specimens: low genetic distances within a species are clearly set apart from distances between species. The species status of the hitherto controversial species M. japana (Jacoby, 1885) is confirmed. The pattern of nucleotide and amino acid substitutions is discussed in the light of functional domains of the COI molecule. Although the data are preliminary, the results provide new data on the distribution of the species. Together with the phylogenetic analysis they allow for a discussion of the phylogeography of the genus.
TL;DR: Two new species of the aquatic leaf beetle genus Macroplea Samouelle namely M. ranina Lou & Yu, sp. nov. and M. huaxiensis Lou & Liang, sp .nov.
Abstract: Two new species of the aquatic leaf beetle genus Macroplea Samouelle namely M. ranina Lou & Yu, sp. nov. and M. huaxiensis Lou & Liang, sp. nov. are described from China. Macroplea appendiculata (Panzer, 1794) is recorded for the first time from China and a key to all known species of Macroplea is provided.
TL;DR: This investigation investigated the extent to which the two sister species, Macroplea mutica and M. appendiculata, use the host plants Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton sp.
Abstract: As a contribution to the continuing discussion of the ecological differentiation and stable coexistence of species, we investigated the extent to which the two sister species, Macroplea mutica and M. appendiculata, use the host plants Myriophyllum spicatum and Potamogeton sp. Specimens from four populations differing in host plant experience were used for behavioural observations. Both species did not feed on Myriophyllum but on Potamogeton. Beetles kept on Myriophyllum or without plant lost weight, while those on Potamogeton maintained or increased their weight. Only M. appendiculata laid eggs on this plant, as well as on Potamogeton, where M. mutica exclusively oviposited. In choice experiments, all larvae preferred the roots of Potamogeton over Myriophyllum for attachment (also the M. mutica larvae that had been collected from Myriophyllum). The data are discussed in the light of the unusual occasional occurrence of M. mutica on Myriophyllum and the speciation in the genus Macroplea.
TL;DR: Mitochondrial COI gene sequences indicate that the haplotype coalescence times date back to the Middle–Late Pleistocene in most extant species, suggesting the occurrence of colonization and/or bottleneck events during this period.
Abstract: A new species, Macroplea skomorokhovi sp. n., is described from the Russian Far East, and a key to species of the genus Macroplea Curtis is given. Cryptocephalus oxysternus Jacobson (Primorskii Territory) and Longitarsus truncatellus Weise (northern Caucasus) are recorded for the Russian fauna for the first time.