Topic
Lymph circulation
About: Lymph circulation is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 311 publications have been published within this topic receiving 9823 citations.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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Papers
TL;DR: Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices.
Abstract: Although humans have been exposed to airborne nanosized particles (NSPs; < 100 nm) throughout their evolutionary stages, such exposure has increased dramatically over the last century due to anthropogenic sources. The rapidly developing field of nanotechnology is likely to become yet another source through inhalation, ingestion, skin uptake, and injection of engineered nanomaterials. Information about safety and potential hazards is urgently needed. Results of older bio-kinetic studies with NSPs and newer epidemiologic and toxicologic studies with airborne ultrafine particles can be viewed as the basis for the expanding field of nanotoxicology, which can be defined as safety evaluation of engineered nanostructures and nanodevices. Collectively, some emerging concepts of nanotoxicology can be identified from the results of these studies. When inhaled, specific sizes of NSPs are efficiently deposited by diffusional mechanisms in all regions of the respiratory tract. The small size facilitates uptake into cells and transcytosis across epithelial and endothelial cells into the blood and lymph circulation to reach potentially sensitive target sites such as bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and heart. Access to the central nervous system and ganglia via translocation along axons and dendrites of neurons has also been observed. NSPs penetrating the skin distribute via uptake into lymphatic channels. Endocytosis and biokinetics are largely dependent on NSP surface chemistry (coating) and in vivo surface modifications. The greater surface area per mass compared with larger-sized particles of the same chemistry renders NSPs more active biologically. This activity includes a potential for inflammatory and pro-oxidant, but also antioxidant, activity, which can explain early findings showing mixed results in terms of toxicity of NSPs to environmentally relevant species. Evidence of mitochondrial distribution and oxidative stress response after NSP endocytosis points to a need for basic research on their interactions with subcellular structures. Additional considerations for assessing safety of engineered NSPs include careful selections of appropriate and relevant doses/concentrations, the likelihood of increased effects in a compromised organism, and also the benefits of possible desirable effects. An interdisciplinary team approach (e.g., toxicology, materials science, medicine, molecular biology, and bioinformatics, to name a few) is mandatory for nanotoxicology research to arrive at an appropriate risk assessment.
7,984 citations
Book•
1 Jan 2006
TL;DR: The model used in ICRP Publication 30 was found to be a good fit for the needs of the postnatal alimentary tract, and main differences from the ICRp Publication 30 model can be identified.
Abstract: 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. The purpose of this report 1.2. Model used in ICRP Publication 30 1.3. The need for a new model 1.4. Model development 1.5. Structure of the report 2. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT SYSTEM 2.1. Introduction 2.2. General features 2.3. Alimentation 2.4. Vascular supply and drainage 2.5. Micro-anatomy of the alimentary tract 2.6. Epithelia of the alimentary tract 3. ABSORPTION, RETENTION, AND SECRETION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE HUMAN ALIMENTARY TRACT 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Radionuclide absorption 3.3. Radionuclide retention 3.4. Radionuclide secretion 3.5. Examples used in this report 4. RADIATION EFFECTS 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Target cells 4.3. Radiation-induced cancers in humans 4.4. Tissue damage 5. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL 5.1. Overview 5.2. Main differences from the ICRP Publication 30 model 5.3. Details of the model structure 5.4. Radionuclide-specific examples of the use of the model 6. TRANSIT TIMES THROUGH THE ALIMENTARY TRACT 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Mouth 6.3. Oesophagus 6.4. Stomach 6.5. Small intestine 6.6. Colon and rectum 6.7. Transfer coefficients 6.8. Uncertainty and variability 7. MORPHOMETRY AND DOSIMETRY 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Morphometry 7.3. Dosimetry 8. USE OF THE MODEL 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Examples of doses using the HATM 8.3. Uncertainties 8.4. Key features of the HATM ANNEX A: EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF THE HUMAN ALIMENTARY TRACT A.1. Introduction A.2. Embryology of the human alimentary tract A.3. General overview of the postnatal alimentary tract A.4. Oral cavity, pharynx, and associated structures A.5. Oesophagus A.6. Stomach A.7. Liver, biliary tree, and pancreas A.8. Small intestine A.9. Large intestine A.10. Rectum and anal canal ANNEX B: PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN ALIMENTARY TRACT B.1. Introduction B.2. Physiology of alimentary tract motility B.3. Physiology of blood and lymph circulation in the alimentary tract B.4. Inputs and secretions in the alimentary tract B.5. Bacterial flora in the alimentary tract B.6. Digestion, absorption, and retention in the gastrointestinal tract ANNEX C: REVIEW OF TRANSIT TIMES THROUGH MAJOR SEGMENTS OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT C.1. Mouth C.2. Oesophagus C.3. Stomach C.4. Small intestine C.5. Large intestine ANNEX D: ABSORPTION AND RETENTION OF RADIONUCLIDES D.1. Introduction D.2. Oral cavity D.3. Oesophagus D.4. Stomach D.5. Small intestine D.6. Large intestine D.7. Appendix ANNEX E: CONSISTENCY BETWEEN THE HATM AND THE HRTM ANNEX F: ABSORBED FRACTIONS FOR ELECTRON EMISSIONS REFERENCES ERRATA TO ICRP PUBLICATION 95
247 citations
TL;DR: Growing recognition of the multiple functions of ECM and LEC molecules for important physiological and pathological events may be helpful in identifying the crucial changes in tissues subjected to lymph circulation and ultimately in the search for rational therapeutic approaches to prevent lymphatic-associated disorders.
Abstract: Exciting studies involving the molecular regulation of lymphangiogenesis in lymphatic-associated disorders (e.g., wound healing, lymphedema and tumor metastasis) have focused renewed attention on the intrinsic relationship between lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. ECM molecules and remodeling events play a key role in regulating lymphangiogenesis, and the "functionality"-relating molecules, especially hyaluronan, integrins, reelin, IL-7, and matrix metalloproteinases, provide the most fundamental and critical prerequisite for LEC growth, migration, tube formation, and survival, although lymphangiogenesis is directly or/and indirectly controlled by VEGF-C/-D/VEGFR- 3- Prox-1-, Syk/SLP76-, podoplanin/Ang-2/Nrp-2-, FOXC2-, and other signaling pathways in embryonic and pathological processes. New knowledge regarding the differentiation of initial lymphatics should enable improvements in understanding of a variety of cytokines, chemokines, and other factors. The lymphatic colocalization with histochemical staining by using the novel molecular markers (e.g., LYVE-1), along with subsequent injection technique with ferritin or some tracer, will reveal functional and structural features of newly formed and preexisting lymphatics. Growing recognition of the multiple functions of ECM and LEC molecules for important physiological and pathological events may be helpful in identifying the crucial changes in tissues subjected to lymph circulation and ultimately in the search for rational therapeutic approaches to prevent lymphatic-associated disorders.
148 citations
TL;DR: Dynamic ICG lymphography, which evaluates both lymph pump function and circulation, plays an important role in comprehensive assessment of lymphedema pathophysiology and can be easily obtained and is recommended for evaluation of lymph pumpfunction.
Abstract: BackgroundLymph transportation capacity is a critical function maintaining fluid circulation. After breast cancer treatments, lymph obstruction at the axilla leads to abnormal lymph circulation, resulting in lymph pump dysfunction. As well as lymph circulation, lymph pump function is important for l
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the current knowledge on the organization of the lymphatic vascular tree, the formation of lymph from the extracellular fluid, lymph circulation and the lymph proteomic composition during physiological and pathological conditions.
Abstract: During the last 20 years a deeper understanding of the lymphatic circulatory system, lymph formation and composition has emerged. This review will examine the current knowledge on the organization of the lymphatic vascular tree, the formation of lymph from the extracellular fluid, lymph circulation and the lymph proteomic composition during physiological and pathological conditions. Formation of the lymph fluid is dependent on pressure gradients in the capillary beds and the composition of the endothelial cell glycocalyx, which acts as a molecular sieve. Fluid propulsion toward the draining node is dependent on the intrinsic pumping mechanism of the lymphangions and their unidirectional valves. The lymph 'omics' composition is dependent on the ultrafiltration of plasma proteins as well as proteins and molecules derived from the metabolic and catabolic activities of each parenchymal organ from which the lymph drains. Altogether, these new insights have brought about a new awareness of the importance of the lymphatic system in human physiology and pathology.
97 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2021 | 5 |
| 2020 | 11 |
| 2019 | 5 |
| 2018 | 19 |
| 2017 | 16 |
| 2016 | 24 |