Lund string model

Abstract: Physics and programming aspects are discussed for a Fortran 77 Monte Carlo program to simulate complete events in deep inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering. The parton level interaction is based on the standard model electroweak cross sections, which are fully implemented in leading order for any lepton of arbitrary polarization, and different parametrizations of parton density functions can be used. First order QCD matrix elements for gluon radiation and boson-gluon fusion are implemented and higher order QCD radiation is treated using parton showers. Hadronization is performed using the Lund string model, implemented in {\sc Jetset}/{\sc Pythia}. Rapidity gap events are generated through a model based on soft colour interactions.

Abstract: We show that the `orthogonal' characteristics of the observed rapidity gaps and large forward energy flows in deep inelastic scattering at HERA, can be described within a single framework. Our Monte Carlo model is based on perturbative QCD matrix elements and parton showers together with Lund string model hadronization, but has in addition a new mechanism for soft colour interactions which modifies the perturbative colour structure and thereby the hadronization. Effects of perturbative multiparton emission are investigated and the non-perturbative treatment of the proton remnant is discussed and comparison to the observed transverse energy flow is made. We investigate the resulting diffractive-like properties of the model; such as rapidity gap events, $t$- and $M_X$-distributions and the diffractive structure function in comparison to H1 data.

Abstract: The energy-energy correlation cross section for hadrons produced in electron-positron annihilation at a center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV has been measured with the MAC detector at SLAC. The result is corrected for the effects of detector resolution, acceptance, and initial-state radiation. The correlation is measured in two independent ways on the same data sample: the energy weights and angles are obtained either from the energy flow in the finely segmented total absorption calorimeters or from the momenta of charged tracks in the central drift chamber. This procedure helps reduce systematic errors by cross-checking the effects of the detector on the measurement, particularly important because the corrections depend on complex Monte Carlo simulations. The results are compared with the predictions of Monte Carlo models of complete second-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics and fragmentation, with the following conclusions: (1) fitting the asymmetry for large correlation angles gives values for ..cap alpha../sub S/ of 0.120 +- 0.006 in perturbation theory, 0.185 +- 0.013 in the Lund string model, and values which vary from 0.105 to 0.140 ( +- 0.01) in the incoherent jet models, depending on the gluon fragmentation scheme and the algorithm used for momentum conservation; and (2) the string fragmentation model providesmore » a satisfactory description of the measured energy-energy correlation cross section, whereas incoherent jet formation does not.« less