TL;DR: This paper shows that complementary CMOS is the logic style of choice for the implementation of arbitrary combinational circuits if low voltage, low power, and small power-delay products are of concern.
Abstract: Recently reported logic style comparisons based on full-adder circuits claimed complementary pass-transistor logic (CPL) to be much more power-efficient than complementary CMOS. However, new comparisons performed on more efficient CMOS circuit realizations and a wider range of different logic cells, as well as the use of realistic circuit arrangements demonstrate CMOS to be superior to CPL in most cases with respect to speed, area, power dissipation, and power-delay products. An implemented 32-b adder using complementary CMOS has a power-delay product of less than half that of the CPL version. Robustness with respect to voltage scaling and transistor sizing, as well as generality and ease-of-use, are additional advantages of CMOS logic gates, especially when cell-based design and logic synthesis are targeted. This paper shows that complementary CMOS is the logic style of choice for the implementation of arbitrary combinational circuits if low voltage, low power, and small power-delay products are of concern.
TL;DR: A differential CMOS Logic family that is well suited to automated logic minimization and placement and routing techniques, yet has comparable performance to conventional CMOS, will be described.
Abstract: A differential CMOS Logic family that is well suited to automated logic minimization and placement and routing techniques, yet has comparable performance to conventional CMOS, will be described. A CMOS circuit using 10,880 NMOS differential pairs has been developed using this approach.
TL;DR: In this article, each transistor or logic unit on an integrated wafer is tested prior to interconnect metallization by specially fabricated flexible tester surface made in one embodiment of several layers of flexible silicon dioxide, each layer containing vias and conductive traces leading to thousands of microscopic metal probe points.
Abstract: Each transistor or logic unit on an integrated wafer (1) is tested prior to interconnect metallization. By means of CAD software, the transistor or logic units placement net list is revised to substitute redundant defect-free logic units for defective ones. Then the interconnect metallization is laid down and patterned under control of a CAD computer syste. Each die in the wafer thus has its own interconnect scheme, although each die is functionally equivalent, and yields are much higher than wich conventional testing at the completed circuit level. The individual transistor or logic unit testing is accomplished by specially fabricated flexible tester surface (10) made in one embodiment of several layers of flexible silicon dioxide, each layer containing vias and conductive traces leading to thousands of microscopic metal probe points (15-1, 15-2) on one side of the test surface (10). The probe points (330) electrically contact the contacts (2-1, 2-2) on the wafer (1) under test by fluid pressure.
TL;DR: Logic and memory design techniques allowing subthreshold operation are developed and demonstrated and the fabricated 1024-point FFT processor operates down to 180mV using a standard 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS logic process while using 155nJ/FFT at the optimal operating point.
Abstract: Minimizing energy requires scaling supply voltages below device thresholds. Logic and memory design techniques allowing subthreshold operation are developed and demonstrated. The fabricated 1024-point FFT processor operates down to 180mV using a standard 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS logic process while using 155nJ/FFT at the optimal operating point.
TL;DR: The need for a fast, sensitive method of measuring IDD during each test vector is examined and problems confronting CMOS IC designers, test engineers and test instrumentation designers as they work to meet these demands are discussed.
Abstract: Gate oxide shorts are defects that must be detected to produce high-reliability ICs. These problems will continue as devices are scaled down and oxide thicknesses are reduced to the 100-A range. Complete detection of gate oxide shorts and other CMOS failure mechanisms requires measuring the IDD current during the quiescent state after each test vector is applied to the IC. A 100-percent stuck-at fault test set is effective only if each test vector is accompanied by an IDD measurement. This article examines the need for a fast, sensitive method of measuring IDD during each test vector and discusses problems confronting CMOS IC designers, test engineers and test instrumentation designers as they work to meet these demands.