TL;DR: Using techniques similar to those involved in abstract interpretation, an abstract model of a program is constructed without ever examining the corresponding unabstracted model, and it is shown how this abstract model can be used to verify properties of the original program.
Abstract: We describe a method for using abstraction to reduce the complexity of temporal-logic model checking. Using techniques similar to those involved in abstract interpretation, we construct an abstract model of a program without ever examining the corresponding unabstracted model. We show how this abstract model can be used to verify properties of the original program. We have implemented a system based on these techniques, and we demonstrate their practicality using a number of examples, including a program representing a pipelined ALU circuit with over 101300 states.
TL;DR: A Logic Model process is described, a tool used by program evaluators, in enough detail that managers can use it to develop and tell the performance story for their program.
TL;DR: The goal of this Guide is for educators to become more competent and confident in being able to design educational program evaluations that support intentional program improvement while adequately documenting or describing the changes and outcomes—intended and unintended—associated with their programs.
Abstract: This Guide reviews theories of science that have influenced the development of common educational evaluation models. Educators can be more confident when choosing an appropriate evaluation model if they first consider the model’s theoretical basis against their program’s complexity and their own evaluation needs. Reductionism, system theory, and (most recently) complexity theory have inspired the development of models commonly applied in evaluation studies today. This Guide describes experimental and quasi-experimental models, Kirkpatrick’s four-level model, the Logic Model, and the CIPP (Context/Input/ Process/Product) model in the context of the theories that influenced their development and that limit or support their ability to do what educators need. The goal of this Guide is for educators to become more competent and confident in being able to design educational program evaluations that support intentional program improvement while adequately documenting or describing the changes and outcomes—intended and unintended—associated with their programs.
TL;DR: This chapter discusses Logic Models for Evaluation, building and Improving Theory of Change Logic Models, and Modeling: Improving Program Logic Models.
Abstract: offers a concise, practical overview of the logic modeling process as applied to numerous organizational contexts Authors Lisa Wyatt Knowlton (EdD) and Cynthia C Phillips (PhD) examine the structures, processes, and language of logic models as an emerging tool that improves the design, development, and implementation of change efforts within programs and greater organizational initiatives Through concise, step-by-step process articulation, enhanced by numerous visual learning guides (sample models, checklists, exercises, worksheets) and case examples, the authors provide students, practitioners, and beginning researchers with invaluable tools to develop and improve these models
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a non-deterministic model of computation based on reversing edge directions in weighted directed graphs with minimum in-flow constraints on vertices, and show that deciding whether a simple graph model can be manipulated in order to reverse the direction of a particular edge is PSPACE-complete by a reduction from Quantified Boolean Formulas.