TL;DR: In this paper, a computer program capable of handling five acids simultaneously has been designed to evaluate the titration data, and the results show that it is possible to determine two acids which have stability constants differing by only about one logarithmic unit with an accuracy better than 1%.
TL;DR: Independent analyses using Fisher information, optimal filtering, and information theory show that matched filtering images with hypothetical patterns in the logarithmic domain provides an optimal method for pattern recognition in the presence of signal-dependent noise arising from complex Gaussian fluctuations in the received fields.
Abstract: Independent analyses using Fisher information, optimal filtering, and information theory show that matched filtering images with hypothetical patterns in the logarithmic domain provides an optimal method for pattern recognition in the presence of signal-dependent noise arising from complex Gaussian fluctuations in the received fields. This provides a mathematical justification for the use of logarithmic units (i.e., decibels) in a variety of engineering applications.
TL;DR: This circuit may be of interest in the measurement of magnitudes represented in logarithmic units (dB) and may be used to replace the combination of a logarathmic amplifier followed by an analog-to-digital converter.
Abstract: This paper presents a practical structure that implements a logarithmic noise shaping modulator. The circuit may be used to replace the combination of a logarithmic amplifier followed by an analog-to-digital converter. The output of the modulator is a low resolution data stream similar to that of a sigma delta modulator. However, this data stream conveys information on the logarithm of the input signal instead of the signal itself. Provided that the logarithm of the input signal has a low-pass spectrum, a quantized sequence can be extracted from this data stream by a decimation filter. The paper presents both theoretical developments and practical results on a prototype. This circuit may be of interest in the measurement of magnitudes represented in logarithmic units (dB).
TL;DR: For the screening of gamma-irradiated grains, domestic rice, glutinous rice, barley, and wheat were irradiated with 0.5 kGy and screened using the DEFT/APC (Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique/Aerobic Plate Count) method.
Abstract: For the screening of gamma-irradiated grains, domestic rice, glutinous rice, barley, and wheat were irradiated with 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 kGy and screened using the DEFT/APC (Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique/Aerobic Plate Count) method. The log DEFT/APT units increased with the dose increment in all samples, whereas the log APC unit decreased gradually. For rice, barley, and wheat, unirradiated and irradiated samples with below 0.3 kGy had 2.0 or lower logarithmic units, whereas those with 0.5 kGy or higher had 2.0 or higher logarithmic units. For glutinous rice, the sample irradiated with 0.5 kGy showed 1.92 logarithmic unit and those with 0.7 kGy or higher had 2.0 or higher logarithmic units. These results suggest that if the grains show 2.0 or higher logarithmic units, they could be assumed to have been irradiated at a dose level of at least 0.5 kGy. In conclusion, grains could be easily screened through the DEFT/APC method.