TL;DR: The discovery of Lophorhinus in the Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone (AZ) demonstrates that multiple burnetiamorph taxa co-existed in southern Gondwana during Middle and Late Permian times, implying relatively stable tetrapod community structure in southern Pangea for the final 10 million years of the Permians.
Abstract: A new burnetiamorph therapsid, Lophorhinus willodenensis, gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a partial skull from the Permian Teekloof Formation (Beaufort Group) of the Beaufort West District, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Although similar to the coeval burnetiamorph Lobalopex, Lophorhinus is autapomorphic in its possession of a semicircular median nasal crest formed by unfused nasals, doubled lacrimal foramina, an ossified sphenethmoid, and a mesiodistally compressed first premaxillary tooth. New morphological data provided by Lophorhinus permit the recognition of several character states that have been difficult to evaluate in other burnetiamorph taxa, including a (1) short dorsal process of the premaxilla, (2) contribution of the frontal to the upper orbital margin, and (3) lack of a significant contribution of the prefrontal to the supraorbital boss. An updated cladistic analysis of twelve biarmosuchians suggests that Lophorhinus is the sister taxon to Lobalopex + Burnetiid...
TL;DR: A cladistic analysis including ten biarmosuchian taxa indicates that Lobalopex is the sister taxon to Burnetiidae and that Lemurosaurus is the most primitive burnetiamorph, and results fail to provide evidence for geographic endemism in these groups of Middle to Late Permian therapsids.
Abstract: A new biarmosuchian therapsid, Lobalopex mordax gen. and sp. nov., from the Permian Teekloof Formation (Tropidostoma Assemblage Zone) of the Victoria West District, South Africa, is described on the basis of a partial skull with lower jaws and the first four cervical vertebrae. The genus is diagnosed by the following autapomorphies: median nasal eminence low and ridge-like; supraorbital boss small and unpachyostosed; posteriorly projecting supratemporal ‘horns’ present but relatively small; ventral surface of transverse flange of pterygoid edentulous and sharply ridged; and laterally-directed knob present lateral to contact between pterygoid and palatine dentigerous bosses. As in some other biarmosuchians, the cervical vertebrae are elongated, being roughly twice as long as they are wide or deep. A cladistic analysis including ten biarmosuchian taxa indicates that Lobalopex is the sister taxon to Burnetiidae and that Lemurosaurus is the most primitive burnetiamorph. These results fail to provide ...