TL;DR: Recent Lithonida (Calcarea, Calcaronea) contains two families of calcite-rich spicules, including tuning-fork triactines and diapasons as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Recent Lithonida (Calcarea, Calcaronea) contains two families of Calcaronea characterized by a hypercalcified skeleton, which is reinforced either by the linkage of tetractines or by the formation of a rigid basal mass of calcite The living tissue has free calcareous spicules, most frequently including tuning-fork triactines, or diapasons They appear as survivors of fossil ‘pharetronids’, a polyphyletic grouping of fossil calcareous sponges, and are presently restricted to submarine caves and to bathyal rocky environments The fossil genera are not treated here
TL;DR: The Lithonida contains three families with a leuconoid aquiferous system without radial symmetry that are represented by well characterized and very distinctive genera suggestive of long-term evolution.
Abstract: Baerida Borojevic et al. (Calcarea, Calcaronea) contains three families with a leuconoid aquiferous system without radial symmetry, characterized by a skeleton either made exclusively of microdiactines or in which microdiactines constitute predominantly a specific sector of the skeleton. As in Lithonida they are represented by well characterized and very distinctive genera, suggestive of long-term evolution.
TL;DR: The original descriptions of Hinde’s species have been expanded to include a more comprehensive description of ontogeny and a new species, Monoplectroninia malonei sp.
Abstract: An exceptional fauna of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from the lowest biofacies of the Batesford Limestone (Lower Miocene), exposed in the Australian Portland Cement Quarry, Fyansford, near Geelong, southern Victoria, is reviewed Four species have been recognised from this biofacies by the authors: Tretocalia pezica Hinde, 1900, Bactronella australis Hinde, 1900, Plectroninia halli Hinde, 1900 and a new species, Monoplectroninia malonei sp nov, described and named in this paper The original descriptions of Hinde’s species have been expanded to include a more comprehensive description of ontogeny
TL;DR: Vacelet et al. as mentioned in this paper reported new records of the hypercalcified sponge Plectroninia (Calcarea, Minchinellidae) in the Recent deep ocean.
Abstract: Vacelet, J., James, B. 1, & Zibrowius, H., November 2017. New records of the hypercalcified sponge Plectroninia (Calcarea, Minchinellidae) in the Recent deep ocean. Alcheringa 42, 312–319. ISSN 031...