TL;DR: Information and illustrations of intraspecific variation in most species of these groups (except for L. johorePlatnick & Sedgwick, 1984, for which no new material is available) is given together with data on biology and distribution.
Abstract: The currently known Liphistius species of peninsular Malaysia are assigned to five species-groups: the tranggroup, the malayanus-group, the batuensis-group, the tioman-group and the linang-group. The latter four are defined and treated here. They are composed of eleven species. Four of them, L. negara sp. nov., L. gracilis sp. nov., L. priceae sp. nov. and L. linang sp. nov., are new and here described from males and females. Liphistius indra sp. nov., very closely related to L. linang sp. nov., is additionally described from the deep south of Thailand. The previously unknown males of L. endauSedgwick & Platnick, 1987 and of L. tempurung Platnick in Platnick et al., 1997 are presented for the first time. Liphistius malayanus cameroniHaupt, 1983 is placed in the synonymy of L. malayanusAbraham, 1923b. Information and illustrations of intraspecific variation in most species of these groups (except for L. johorePlatnick & Sedgwick, 1984, for which no new material is available) is given together with data on biology and distribution. Taxonomic characters and biogeography are discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new species, Liphistius pyinoolwinsp. nov. (L. birmanicus), was described based on its genital morphology, which was collected from Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar.
Abstract: Five Liphistius Schiodte, 1849 species of the primitively segmented spider family Liphistiidae are currently known from Myanmar. Here, we described a new species, Liphistius pyinoolwinsp. nov. (♂♀), which was collected from Pyin Oo Lwin, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, diagnosed based on its genital morphology. The specimens (2♂♂, 5♀♀) collected by Walter C. Sedgwick from Pyin Oo Lwin in 1982 were misidentified as L. birmanicus Thorell, 1897 and are treated here as the newly described species. Accordingly, we described the males of L. birmanicus for the first time, redescribed its female, using newly collected specimens from Yado, Than Taung and Kalekho Atet townships, Kayin State. We also provided information on the variation in genital morphology of both species, and their relationships within the birmanicus-group of species.
TL;DR: In this article, the classification of spiders was studied in terms of the Liphistius and its bearing upon the classifications of spiders, and the results of the classification were presented.
Abstract: (1892). XXXVIII.—Liphistius and its bearing upon the classification of spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 10, No. 58, pp. 306-314.
TL;DR: This work revises liphistiid genus level taxonomy based on original sampling throughout their Asian range, and on the evidence from a novel molecular phylogeny, and provides strong support for the monophyly of Liphistiidae, and the two subfamiliesliphistiinae and Heptathelinae.
Abstract: The spider suborder Mesothelae, containing a single extant family Liphistiidae, represents a species-poor and ancient lineage. These are conspicuous spiders that primitively retain a segmented abdomen and appendage-like spinnerets. While their classification history is nearly devoid of phylogenetic hypotheses, we here revise liphistiid genus level taxonomy based on original sampling throughout their Asian range, and on the evidence from a novel molecular phylogeny. By combining morphological and natural history evidence with phylogenetic relationships in the companion paper, we provide strong support for the monophyly of Liphistiidae, and the two subfamilies Liphistiinae and Heptathelinae. While the former only contains Liphistius Schiodte, 1849, a genus distributed in Indonesia (Sumatra), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, we recognize and diagnose seven heptatheline genera, all but three removed from the synonymy of Heptathela: i) Ganthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Ganthela yundingensis Xu, sp. n. is known from Fujian and Jiangxi, China; ii) a rediagnosed Heptathela Kishida, 1923 is confined to the Japanese islands (Kyushu and Okinawa); iii) Qiongthela Xu & Kuntner, gen. n. with the type species Qiongthela baishensis Xu, sp. n. is distributed disjunctly in Hainan, China and Vietnam; iv) Ryuthela Haupt, 1983 is confined to the Ryukyu archipelago (Japan); v) Sinothela Haupt, 2003 inhabits Chinese areas north of Yangtze; vi) Songthela Ono, 2000 inhabits southwest China and northern Vietnam; and vii) Vinathela Ono, 2000 (Abcathela Ono, 2000, syn. n.; Nanthela Haupt, 2003, syn. n.) is known from southeast China and Vietnam.