Ligature

Abstract: EXPERIMENTS REPORTED by Saxe et al , 1 Svanberg et al, 2 and Lindhe et a l 3 , 4 have revealed that in the presence of a plaque infection, gingivitis in dogs in most instances eventually develops into progressive periodontitis In the studies referred to the conversion of gingivitis into progressive periodontitis required between 1 and 3 years of experiment In order to accelerate the conversion of gingivitis into periodontitis in dogs and hence to facilitate analyses of tissue alterations related to this transition, different model systems have been utilized 5 9 These models have involved procedures such as: (1) the raising of mucoperiosteal flaps, (2) the elimination of the cortical layer of the alveolar bone crest, and (3) the application of ligatures around the neck of teeth in plaque infected dentitions Experiments of this kind also have been carried out in rats and in monkeys 1 0 , 1 1 A paper by Rovin et a l 1 0 establishes the baseline for all the "ligature application" studies hitherto reported They studied the influence of bacteria on the initiation of periodontal disease in germfree and conventional rats In order to produce "gingival irritation, silk ligatures were placed at the cervical margins of the mandibular first molars" In the conventional, but not in the germfree rats, ligature placement within a few weeks resulted in a marked inflammation of the supporting tissues This means, that the disease inducing potential of ligature placement, seemed to be the result of the combined presence of microorganisms and the ligature

Abstract: A ligating instrument includes a handle for securing a proximal end of a ligating device externally of the body with one hand, the ligating device defining a lumen for passage therethrough of a length of ligature material formed with a ligature loop for being disposed externally of a distal end of the ligating device to be positioned around anatomical tissue to be ligated within the body, and an operating member coupled with the ligature material for being manually moved with the same hand as that securing the ligating device proximal end to pull the ligature material through the ligating device to form a ligature with the ligature loop in the anatomical tissue. A method of ligating tissue in endoscopic operative procedures includes the steps of securing a proximal end of a ligating instrument externally of the body with one hand, introducing a distal end of the ligating instrument at a surgical site in the body through a portal formed in tissue of the body, placing a length of ligature material carried by the ligating instrument around anatomical tissue to be ligated, moving an operating member of the ligating instrument with the same hand as that securing the proximal end to pull the ligature material through the ligating instrument to tighten the ligature material around the anatomical tissue to form a ligature and actuating a cutter of the ligating instrument to cut the ligature material away from the ligature.

Abstract: A new and simple procedure for producing experimental hypertension in rats is described. It consists in the complete ligature of the aorta between the origin of the renal arteries. Production of an...