Lie detection

Abstract: Publisher Summary Lying and lie detection are the two components that, together, make up the exchange called as the “communication of deception.” Deception is an act that is intended to foster in another person a belief or understanding that the deceiver considers false. This chapter presents a primarily psychological point of view and a relatively microanalysis of the verbal and nonverbal exchange between the deceiver and the lie detector. The chapter discusses the definition of deception. It describes the deceiver's perspective in lie-detection, including the strategies of deception and behaviors associated with lie-telling. The lie-detector's perspective is also discussed in the chapter, and it has described behaviors associated with the judgments of deception and strategies of lie detection. The chapter discusses the outcomes of the deceptive communication process—that is, the accuracy of lie detection—and explores methodological issues, channel effects in the detection of deception, and other factors affecting the accuracy of lie detection.

Abstract: Detecting Lies and Deceit provides the most comprehensive review of deception to date. This revised edition provides an up-to-date account of deception research and discusses the working and efficacy of the most commonly used lie detection tools, including: •Behaviour Analysis Interview •Statement Validity Assessment •Reality Monitoring •Scientific Content Analysis •Several different polygraph tests •Voice Stress Analysis •Thermal Imaging •EEG-P300 •Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) All three aspects of deception are covered: nonverbal cues, speech and written statement analysis and (neuro)physiological responses. The most common errors in lie detection are discussed and practical guidelines are provided to help professionals improve their lie detection skills. Detecting Lies and Deceit is a must-have resource for students, academics and professionals in psychology, criminology, policing and law.

Abstract: Decades of research has shown that people are poor at detecting lies Two explanations for this finding have been proposed First, it has been suggested that lie detection is inaccurate because people rely on invalid cues when judging deception Second, it has been suggested that lack of valid cues to deception limits accuracy A series of 4 meta-analyses tested these hypotheses with the framework of Brunswik's (1952) lens model Meta-Analysis 1 investigated perceived cues to deception by correlating 66 behavioral cues in 153 samples with deception judgments People strongly associate deception with impressions of incompetence (r = 59) and ambivalence (r = 49) Contrary to self-reports, eye contact is only weakly correlated with deception judgments (r = -15) Cues to perceived deception were then compared with cues to actual deception The results show a substantial covariation between the 2 sets of cues (r = 59 in Meta-Analysis 2, r = 72 in Meta-Analysis 3) Finally, in Meta-Analysis 4, a lens model analysis revealed a very strong matching between behaviorally based predictions of deception and behaviorally based predictions of perceived deception In conclusion, contrary to previous assumptions, people rarely rely on the wrong cues Instead, limitations in lie detection accuracy are mainly attributable to weaknesses in behavioral cues to deception The results suggest that intuitive notions about deception are more accurate than explicit knowledge and that lie detection is more readily improved by increasing behavioral differences between liars and truth tellers than by informing lie-catchers of valid cues to deception