Abstract: Integrated library system (ILS) supports the entire business operations of an academic library from acquiring and processing library resources to making them available to user communities and preserving them for future use. As libraries’ needs evolve, there is a pressing demand for libraries to migrate from one generation of ILS to the next. This complex migration process is often the single largest investment in both budget and personnel involvement, but its success is by no means guaranteed. We draw upon enterprise resource planning (ERP) and critical success factors (CSFs) literature to identify the most salient CSFs for ILS migration success through a qualitative study with four cases. We identified that top management involvement, vendor support, user involvement, selection process, project team competence, project management and tracking, interdepartmental communication, data analysis and conversion, user education and training, and user emotion management are the CSFs that determine a migration project success. Keywords: Integrated library systems, information systems, library automation, critical success factors, and academic libraries.

Abstract: A partnership to improve access to health information via an urban public library system was established in St. Louis, Missouri, in 2011. A multiyear project was outlined that included an information needs assessment, a training class for public library staff, information kiosks at library branches for delivering printed consumer health materials, and a series of health-related programming. The partnership evolved to include social service and community organizations to carry out project goals and establish a sustainable program that met the health and wellness interests of the community.

Abstract: The increasing sophistication of data capture and warehousing capability within contemporary tertiary education institutions has offered new approaches for the examination of data generated from library systems and other university data sources. The University of Wollongong Library has, since 2010, sought to integrate Library usage data within enterprise reporting systems to better understand the value and impact for students using Library resources. The development of the Value Cube provided the evidence of positive correlations between use and student performance, i.e. their grades. Subsequent to the Value Cube, the Marketing Cube offers granular, near real-time usage data by a range of student dimensions, capturing patterns of behaviour and new insights into what information resources are being used and by which groups. The third milestone is the harvesting of Library usage data into the Learning Analytics dashboards and reports, creating a multifaceted view of student utilisation of critical learning systems, resources and services.

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of integrated library system (ILS) in academic library operations in Edo and Delta states, Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Total enumeration was used since the population consisting 88 academic librarians in Edo and Delta states is not large and was considered appropriate to achieve the purpose of this study. Questionnaire titled “Assessment of adoption and use of Integrated Library Software (ILS) for library service provision in academic libraries in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria” was used. Before the administration of the questionnaire on the respondents, face validity was carried out to test the validity of the questions. The questionnaire was given to experts in the Department of Information Resources Management, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State who validated, resolved defects and modified the questionnaire. Findings This study showed that there is a general non-use of ILS in academic libraries in Delta state. Findings revealed that three of the four academic libraries in Edo State adopted library software in their library operations except Ambrose Ali University Library, Ekpoma. Findings further showed that the ILS that were used in academic libraries in Edo State are effective. It also revealed that ILS is effective for accessing books and other library materials, retrieval of materials, bibliographic search and provision of links to external databases. Finding also indicated that among the library software that were used in academic libraries in this study, only Koha ILS has the capacity to link to external databases. Practical implications The use of ILS in academic library operation is critical. Its adoption and use to a large extent positively affect the library and its users. Non-adoption and use of ILS in most academic libraries is a setback to delivery of quality library services to clientele. Originality/value This study is the first that assessed the adoption and use of ILS in academic libraries is Edo and Delta states. It exposed the level of adoption and utilization of ILS in library operations with a view to encouraging libraries to adopt and use ILS for library services.

Abstract: The increasing numbers of on-line text documents make the process of searching and accessing documents related to a specific category a very difficult task. By classifying the documents, the search is then limited to only those documents that related to a particular category. Text classification is the process of classifying documents based on their content into predefined set of categories. Many classification systems that based on rules generation approach have been adopted for text classification. The classification rules that generated from these classifiers conducted directly from the characteristics of training documents. Which will be limited to a certain categories and has unequal number of the generated classification rules per category. In this paper, an automatic text classification system based on the genetic algorithm classifier has been developed. The genetic algorithm classifier generates a predefined number of optimized classification rules that have high level of flexibility and cover wide range of the characteristics that belong to the training documents. The performance of the genetic algorithm classifier is compared with the decision tree and k nearest neighbour classifiers. Results showed that the genetic algorithm classifier outperformed both classifiers with macro-average F1 measure value equal 0.748.

Abstract: The invention discloses a physical book borrowing management method, a network library system and relevant equipment, and relates to the field of book borrowing. A service platform is used for managing book information uploaded by a user. Real physical books are still kept by the user. A borrower can retrieve books needing to be borrowed through the service platform. After the books are retrieved, the service platform can calculate distances between the books and the borrower and can further plan a borrowing route for the borrower, and the borrower borrows the books from book publishers by referring to the information. The technical scheme has the advantages that a network library does not need to be built at a fixed place, and the books are purchased and kept by the user, so that the activities of the publishers can be enhanced, and the purchasing cost and storage space are saved. If a plurality of publishers hold the same books, the borrower can borrow nearest books, so that the borrowing time cost is saved. Moreover, the user can accurately and rapidly find the needed books by retrieving and checking the books in the network library.

Abstract: This study reports on an innovative, community-based effort to promote awareness and understanding of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) through a public library system in one southeastern county. Specifically, this study assesses the current knowledge, perceptions, and communication sources and needs regarding the ACA among adults in one southeastern county in an effort to determine the feasibility of establishing the public library as a trusted and nonpartisan source of ACA-related information. Results of formative research are discussed, and campaign development activities are chronicled. Findings indicate that public libraries can serve as a hub of information on important health-related issues through their efforts to communicate with, educate, and engage with the communities they serve.

Abstract: Augmented Reality has revolutionized the way of looking at actuality. The colossal developments in this area have led to visualizations beyond desktop. Unreal objects can be augmented on real surfaces. Augmented Reality has converged the knowledge of computer vision, virtual reality, image-processing, human-to-computer interaction and more such areas. It has found applications in various expanses like Games, Entertainment, Military, Navigation and many more. One such application could be in Library Management System. Earlier systems for book tracking involved immobile computers that only had the shelf numbers nested with book id to locate a book. A borrower needed to ask the Librarian/support staff to look up the shelf number from the system so as to find a book or simply do it manually by himself by searching each shelf. The application of Augmented Reality in Library Administration is useful in automating the proximity location tracking of a book and providing alternatives to the borrower in the books context. The borrower is navigated through the library till he/she reaches the shelf where the book is kept. The spine of the book serves as the index of the required book and contextual information is augmented once the book is located. Thus Augmented Reality can prove immensely helpful for Library Administration.

Abstract: As the framework of scientific research, subject-classification plays an important role in the development of science. In order to combine the development of science with the current expert subject-classification system and further give a more appropriate description of scientific output analysis from subject level, We study the relationship between the natural science related sub-categories of Chinese library classification using objective computerized scientometrics, and give some modification to the first two level subjects of the existing Chinese library classification system. Taking Chinese Science Citation Database as our data source, this article studies the similarity of subjects based on journal coupling strength. Then we try to set up an improved subject-classification system whose top categories are relied on Chinese library classification system and sub-categories are the ensemble clustering result based on journal coupling measure. Further, in order to help identifying and interpreting the rationality of this improved classification system, we make use of some text mining methods, such as key words recognition and topic detection, to explain the cause of similarity between some subjects from the perspective of semantic. Our study shows that the improved subject-classification system constructed in this article not only conforms to previous experience and cognitive but also combines subject development knowledge.

Abstract: Today’s libraries are trusted to a place where to justify their existence; it requires offering quality services to its users. So, initiation of Total Quality Management (TQM) techniques in libraries can cart them into a new period and introduce to a new set of possibilities with more quality ideas within the library system. TQM is a permutation of diverse plans and arrangements which formulate libraries to turn out to be more accessible culture and build to utilize the entire reachableresources in the optimum potentialmode. TQM application in libraries can maximize the users’ satisfaction by eliminating their complaints and problems. Doing things in right way by involving every available resources and keeping them integrated is the basic idea behind TQM application. TQM execution confirms and maintains appropriate work distribution for silky tasking of library as well as permanent enrichment in the functioning of libraries. In this manuscript, authors make an exertion to look atevolution of TQM, perception of TQM performance in libraries and see how road plan to enterprise TQM from manufacturing to library services fit in with quality and functioning excellence initiatives.

Abstract: The recognition of a spectrum of gendered and sexed people, along with changing social conventions, has caused disruption in the absolute and binary divisions between male and female, man and woman. Gender and sex are formally classified for many purposes; however, formal classifications can marginalize people with variable sex or those who do not identify with traditional understandings of gender. However, the instability is not a recent development, as demonstrated by historically changing conceptualizations of sex and gender in bibliographic classification, as well as in competing and interacting formal discourses. A discourse analysis was conducted on the concepts of women and trans and intersex people in four editions of the Dewey Decimal Classification system, as well as on relevant American legal discourse to investigate how institutionally endorsed epistemology and ontology work together to influence how concepts are defined and classified.

Abstract: One of the main challenges faced by providers of interactive information access systems is to engage users in the use their systems. The library sector in particular can benefit significantly from increased user engagement. In this short paper, we present a preliminary analysis of a university library system that aims to trigger users' extrinsic motivation to increase their interaction with the system. Results suggest that different user groups react in different ways to such 'gamified' systems.

Abstract: This article describes a study conducted in York County, Pennsylvania, on its countywide library system framed within the context of the statewide “Reimaging Libraries” Get Storied initiative, developed and marketed by organizational story consultant, Michael Margolis. Understood as an essential aspect of culture re-imaging and change, narratives were collected from library personnel by undergraduate students at Pennsylvania State University-York as part of a service-learning initiative (directed by the first author). Working closely with the library district consultant (second author), we assess the success of the initiative and make some recommendations for culture reimaging through the practice of storytelling.

Abstract: The explosion of availability of information on the Internet requires that libraries evolve into value-added information providers, rather than mere curators of collections. Modern libraries need to stay relevant to a diverse, technologically savvy patron base and to facilitate and add value to the research community, while facing significant resource constraints. To face these challenges, libraries need to embrace digital technologies and library management systems (LMS) in order to work smart and achieve more with less. While LMS systems have been around for decades, libraries can explore the new frontier by embracing open source solutions, like open source software (OSS) library systems, which are free to acquire. They need to collaborate with computer experts and become technologically savvy to harness the full power of OSS solutions to meet the specific needs of the library and patron base. This article provides an overview of the availability, benefits, and drawbacks of various LMS systems a...

Abstract: After-School Activities Policy and the Atlanta Fulton Public Library System by Vincent Chukumah MSLS, Clark Atlanta University, 2002 MBA, University of Benin, 1993 BSC, University of Benin, 1986 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University September 2016 Abstract Public libraries are evolving from their traditional role as promoters of literacy to a new role as providers of community resources, including after-school activities for teenagers. A policy mandate for such activities appears to be lacking though, which might impact negatively their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the existing policy and implementation mechanisms of after-school activities offered by the Atlanta Fulton Library System in Georgia to at-risk teenaged patrons. Moore’s theory of innovation and public value provided the theoretical framework for the study. An embedded case study research design was used to explore the perceived role of the public library, guiding policy framework, and factors constraining the implementation of after-school activities in 3 of the system 20 branches serving at-risk youth; semistructured interviews with 21 participants comprising teenagers engaged in after-school activities, parents, librarians, library managers, and members of the Friends of the library; observations of teenagers’ behaviors in the library setting; and publicly available document on the subject. The data were inductively coded and then subjected to a content analytical procedure, which revealed 5 after-school themes: bridging a digital divide, teen and community needs, public policy, and public service. The key finding of this study indicates an absence of a system-wide formal policy in how after-school services are provided across library branches for at-risk teenagers. The study concludes with recommendations to reexamine the existing after-school programs in a way that better incorporates the unique needs of library patrons and to align policies with these needs in order to better serve at-risk youth within the context of their communities.Public libraries are evolving from their traditional role as promoters of literacy to a new role as providers of community resources, including after-school activities for teenagers. A policy mandate for such activities appears to be lacking though, which might impact negatively their effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to get a better understanding of the existing policy and implementation mechanisms of after-school activities offered by the Atlanta Fulton Library System in Georgia to at-risk teenaged patrons. Moore’s theory of innovation and public value provided the theoretical framework for the study. An embedded case study research design was used to explore the perceived role of the public library, guiding policy framework, and factors constraining the implementation of after-school activities in 3 of the system 20 branches serving at-risk youth; semistructured interviews with 21 participants comprising teenagers engaged in after-school activities, parents, librarians, library managers, and members of the Friends of the library; observations of teenagers’ behaviors in the library setting; and publicly available document on the subject. The data were inductively coded and then subjected to a content analytical procedure, which revealed 5 after-school themes: bridging a digital divide, teen and community needs, public policy, and public service. The key finding of this study indicates an absence of a system-wide formal policy in how after-school services are provided across library branches for at-risk teenagers. The study concludes with recommendations to reexamine the existing after-school programs in a way that better incorporates the unique needs of library patrons and to align policies with these needs in order to better serve at-risk youth within the context of their communities. After-School Activities Policy and the Atlanta Fulton Public Library System by Vincent Chukumah MSLS, Clark Atlanta University, 2002 MBA, University of Benin, 1993 BSC, University of Benin, 1986 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University September, 2016 Dedication This work is dedicated to Almighty God for his grace in making my dream come true. I would also like to dedicate this research work to my wife, Fidelia Oluwafunke Chukumah; my children, William Olisa Chukumah, Wendy Oluchi Chukumah, and Wesley Oputa Chukumah, whose family time was greatly impacted by my doctoral studies. I would also like to dedicate this research work to the memory of my late father, Joseph Olisa Chukumah, who was looking forward to the completion of my dissertation but suddenly passed away May 1, 2015. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge Almighty God, who made my being possible. I want especially to acknowledge my chair, Dr. Morris Bidjerano, whose support, help, and guidance proved to be invaluable throughout the dissertation process. He was my pillar of strength. I am especially indebted to committee member Dr. Anthony Fleming, who was the first to identify the need for my current study after a final paper in a course he taught; he provided the needed support throughout the entire dissertation process. I also want to thank Dr. Paul Rutledge, university research reviewer (URR), for his contributions in ensuring that the study is a quality research work. In this great scholarly journey, there were people close to me to whom I owe gratitude and thanks for their support. First on this list is my wife and love of my life, Fidelia Oluwafunke Chukumah, and also my children, William Olisa Chukumah, Wendy Oluchi Chukumah, Wesley Oputa Chukumah, and godson, Manuel Chidozie Atunwa; they allowed me to go to the public library during the many hours I would otherwise have spent as quality time with them. I thank them for their understanding, patience, prayers, and love in making this journey a reality. Next are my mother, Esther Chinnia Chukumah, and my siblings, Pat Okesanya, Dr. John Chukumah, Dr. Bridget Obiokolo, Tony Chukumah, Maureen Ibe, and Evelyn Ndego. Thank you all for your brotherly love and support. I am also grateful to my parents-in-law, Attorney Daniel and Theresa Ossai, and all my brothersand sisters-in-law. Last but not least, I want to extend my deep appreciation to Dr. Owen Imachukwu for editing and proof reading my work. I thank all my friends, coworkers, and the great space called the public library. i Table of

Abstract: The web is a huge repository of information and there is a need for web document classification to facilitate the indexing, search and retrieval. Web document classification is significantly different from traditional full text classification because of the existence of some additional information provided by the HTML structure. This paper analyzes the structure information of web documents, and utilizes a structure-based Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier for classification. The method confirms, quantifies, and extends previous research by introducing a new structure-based method for description and classification of web documents. Compared to traditional web document classification methods, combining the full text with structure information gains nearly 6% accuracy improvement in the case of similar categories and 3.7% accuracy improvement in the case of distinct categories. The structure-based representation of web documents makes use of merely local information, therefore it can be used even in real-time classification.

Abstract: A research project was undertaken by a university library system to develop a sustainable user experience strategy. A task force was convened to conduct a pilot project with members from both libraries in the system to assess staffing responsibilities, guidelines, processes, and data-gathering procedures. The team tested an electronic resources list common to both libraries. In describing the methods employed by the task force in their research, this article outlines the benefits and drawbacks of staffing configurations to initiate user experience practices in an academic library setting.

Abstract: Chapter 1--Into the Hands of Readers Acknowledgments Introduction The Question: Can Libraries Improve Their Web Visibility? Notes Chapter 2--Exposing Content on the Web Google Search Methodology Google's Knowledge Card Google's AdWords Notes Chapter 3--Discovery and Fulfillment What Readers Want from Libraries How People Discover What Is in the Library How People Get Things from the Library Notes Chapter 4--The Tradition of Library Catalogs Starting in Babylonia Medieval European Catalogs The Card Catalog Library Automation The Internet Notes Chapter 5--The Current Landscape The Bibliographic Framework Initiative (BIBFRAME) BIBFLOW Linked Data for Libraries and Linked Data for Production Integrated Library System Vendors and Bibliographic Utilities Schema.org and Schema Bib Extend Zepheira and Entrepreneurial Efforts Notes Chapter 6--Steps to Take Direct Partnerships with Search Engines Play by the Rules Montana State University Library Collaborations The Role of BIBFRAME Defining Success Are Libraries Doing the Right Things? Notes Chapter 1 Into the Hands of Readers Acknowledgments Enormous thanks to the many people who gave me input, guidance, and correction on this work. To Rob Sieracki of Ox Optimal and Semantic Web consultant Richard Wallis for help on understanding the business and technology of search on the web. To the library at The Ohio State University for its generosity in allowing an unaffiliated researcher to use its excellent collections--its library science collection was invaluable to the section on the history of library catalogs. To Patrick Sweeney of EveryLibrary for connecting me to librarians on the front lines of public library service. To Rachel Fewell and Frank Wilmot at the Denver Public Library and Erica Findlay and Emily Papagni of the Multnomah County Public Library for their insights into the joys and pains of supporting real people coming to the library from the open web. To Jeff Penka, Eric Miller of Zepheira, and Steve Potash of OverDrive for insights on content marketing and the business of web visibility for libraries. To Philip Schreur (Stanford University), Beacher Wiggins (Library of Congress), John Chapman (OCLC), and Carl Stahmer (UC Davis) for their time helping me understand their contributions to remaking library services on the web. To the metadata expert Diane Hillmann for challenging my understanding of cataloging in the context of library Semantic Web data and for giving her time generously to improving my representation of RDA. Finally, I'd like to thank my colleagues who read early versions of this work and provided invaluable suggestions for improving its quality: Gene Shimshock (Third Chapter Partners), Merrilee Proffitt, Roy Tennant, and Jeff Mixter (OCLC Research). Introduction "We are in an in-between world where we have two groups of people: those ones who already go to the library and the ones who never think about the library." (1) That's how Rachel Fewell, the collection services manager at the Denver Public Library, describes her view of the landscape for libraries. This view of the world prompts these questions: What can libraries do to reach those who never think about the library? What can libraries do to most effectively reach those who sometimes think about the library? Increasing the visibility of library collections on the web is an obvious answer, but the explicit goal to make that happen has not been well defined. A review of the history of library catalogs and library systems automation reveals a trend toward a focus on efficiency and cost savings in systems and data. There are a few bright spots of innovation in discovery, and the very earliest days of library catalogs were highly focused on the user, but the trend has been on service to ourselves instead of the convenience of or improved outcomes for the user. …

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine challenges facing bibliographic classification at both the practical and theoretical levels. At the practical level, libraries are increasingly dispensing with classifying books. At the theoretical level, many researchers, managers, and users believe that the activity of “classification” is not worth the effort, as search engines can be improved without the heavy cost of providing metadata.

Abstract: The study engages the survey approach to examine the user expectations at the University of Delhi. Through a structured questionnaire supplemented with a short interview, the data collected seek to understand the perceptions and expectations of the students for the implementation of quick response (QR) code in the Delhi University Library System (DULS). The findings of the study reveal that in the growing atmosphere of mobile devices in universities, it is time for libraries to make best use of QR code technology in their libraries by leveraging it in many library operations as discussed in this paper and later sensitise the patrons for its effective use in the retrieval of information. One more purpose of this study is to highlight the pros and cons of QR code technology in library settings. The findings of the study will certainly help the DULS, University of Delhi for effective use of QR codes for marketing its sources and services.

Abstract: The invention discloses a handheld library system. The handheld library system comprises a library management center and an intelligent terminal. The library management center comprises a user registration module, an expiration reminding module, a book renewal module, a book reservation module, a book ranking module, a good book recommendation module, a classification navigation module, a book searching module, a library announcement module, a book comment module, a book voting module, a good friend recommendation module, and a data acquisition and analysis module. The handheld library system highly integrates services of application systems such as a library integration management system, an OPAC system and digital library resources, and can achieve self-sever mobile services such as library catalog search, renewal, reservation, loss reporting, expiration reminding, a popular book ranking list and consultation.

Abstract: Opinions provided by people that used some services or purchased some goods are a rich source of knowledge. The opinion classification, applying mostly supervised classifiers, is one of the essential tasks. Computer’s technological capabilities are still a major obstacle, especially when processing huge volumes of data. This study proposes and evaluates experimentally a parallelism application to the classification of a very large number of contrary opinions expressed as freely written text reviews. Instead of training a single classifier on the entire data set, an ensemble of classifiers is trained on disjunctive subsets of data and a group decision is used for the classification of unlabelled items. The main assessment criteria are computational efficiency and error rates, combined into a single measure to be able to compare ensembles of different sizes. Support vector machines, artificial neural networks, and deci- sion trees, belonging to frequently used classification methods, were examined. The paper demonstrates the suggested method viability when the number of text reviews leads to com- putational complexity, which is beyond the contemporary common PC’s capabilities. Classification accuracy and the values of other classification performance measures (Precision, Recall, F-measure) did not decrease, which is a positive finding.

Abstract: Purpose This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of library services according to user experiences (UXs). The study discusses underlying internal problems existing in libraries that affect user satisfaction. Furthermore, it seeks to identify ways to improve the UX. Design/methodology/approach The methodology comprised a questionnaire administered at Nanjing University Library, China. The survey examined users’ satisfaction with the online public access catalogue, locating books on the shelves, and users’ participation in the organization of library resources. This study used the annual reading quantity of users system, a new system of measurement that distinguishes between informal and avid library users. Findings The data analysis indicated poor user satisfaction. The problems were mainly associated with the libraries’ resource organization, such as descriptive cataloguing, subject headings and classification, which is controlled by library administration. Moreover, users’ feedback is not integrated within the library system. Because of the process-oriented architecture of the current integrated library system, librarians and users do not communicate effectively. These barriers between users and the library staff members are difficult to overcome. Originality/value The study describes that the results relate to user satisfaction with searching and locating books based on the patron’s reading level. Differences were observed between light and avid readers in terms of satisfaction with the ease of searching and finding books. This demonstrates the internal connections of these results with library procedures. Furthermore, this study identifies improvement measures to resolve these problems.

Abstract: Insofar as library science is concerned, modern classification of mathematical subjects occurred within the larger framework of library classification, a vast project receiving sustained attention in the period from 1870 to 1920. The work of the library cataloguers was carried out against the background of a broad nineteenth-century interest in the classification of knowledge. We explore different views during this period concerning the position of mathematics in the overall scheme of knowledge, the scope of mathematics, and the internal organization of the different parts of mathematics. We examine how mathematical books were classified, from the most general level down to the level of particular subject areas in analysis. The focus is on the Library of Congress classification system in its various iterations from 1905 to the present.

Abstract: After a short description of the historic development of the Austrian Library Network, the article describes the nature of the Library Network’s internal cooperation and its homogenous network architecture. The formal selection process and the tendering procedure on the way to Alma are described, with a focus on safeguarding data protection and parallel operation. Relevant results of the process will be displayed and added by consequences to be expected from the new system.

Abstract: Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find out: the functionality of public libraries in the provision of needed information resources; the impact of the use of modern electronic gadgets as the level of patronage; the influence of old technology use on libraries; and the globalization effect on the user behavior toward public libraries. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted the descriptive survey design since the opinion, perceptions and observation of public library users were examined. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 185 respondents. A well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents. The instrument was validated by research experts in the area of test and measurement and in library and information science research. A reliability test was carried out using 25 academic library users in Delta State University, Abraka, to establish a coefficient of 0.87 using Cronbach’s α. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics for research questions while the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient analysis and linear regression analysis were used to test hypotheses. Findings Public libraries in Nigeria are functional and accessible. There is inadequacy in modern information and communication technology devices that aid information provision and dissemination, Globalization and modernization has negatively impacted the patronage of public libraries. The influence of deterritorialization has influenced the user attitude toward regular use. Globalization has made time and space much more closer, thereby reducing contact and interaction between library staff and users in the public library system. Globalization and/or modernization has brought not only challenges to public libraries, but also opportunities to exploit. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study were drawn from one sampled area to represent the entirety of the country. The respondents were public library users who were found using public libraries; therefore, less time was allocated to answering research instrument, thereby potentially and probably not responded to with utmost concern. Practical implications Public library functionality will be deterred if necessary actions are taken to improve the quality of service provision. There will likely be a reduced patronage of public libraries if users do not get the most recent information as supposed. There is already a negative effect of globalization and modernization on the functionality of public libraries. There is an urgent need to update and modernize public libraries across the nation for effective and efficient service delivery. Social implications Globalization has led to the reduction of interpersonal and social interaction which is supposed to promote friendliness between public library users and the staff. It also promoted the use of modern technologies such as telecommunication devices, information disseminating gadgets in homes while inhibiting public library patronage time and space is now been maximized for the benefit of library users who are distant from the public library location in as much as information has become accessible at their fingertips. Originality/value This research was carried out by the author (Dr (Mrs) P.U. Otolo) and is fully individual. All authors cited are duly acknowledged.

Abstract: ................................................................................................................................................. vi Chapter One ............................................................................................................................................ 1

Abstract: Text classification is a process of document classification depending upon its content into predefined categories. This helps in providing conceptual views of collection of documents and has important real world applications. Text classification is the priliminary reqisite of text retrieval and understanding systems. The text retrieval system retrieves text in reply to a user defined query. While the text understanding system transforms text in such a way that it produces summaries, answer questions or data extract. This survey provides a brief review of generic text classification processes, phases of that process, the existing work done on the text classification and the various methods and algorithms for the effective text classification.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION The higher education system in India includes both private and public universities. Public universities are supported by the Government of India and the state governments, while private universities are mostly supported by various bodies and societies. Universities in India are recognized by the university Grants Commission (UGC), which are draws its power from the university Grants Commission Act, 1956 in addition, 15 Professional Councils are established, Controlling different aspects of accreditation and coordination. Deemed University or Deemed-to-be-university, is a status of autonomy granted by the Department of Higher Education in the Union Human Resource Development Ministry, on the advice of the UGC, under section 3 of UGC Act. University Libraries University libraries all over world have their own place of importance in the scheme of higher learning. Libraries are not only repositories of knowledge but also dispensers of such knowledge. There is no doubt that where libraries of universities and institutions of higher learning are ignored or not given due recognition, the country as a whole suffers because the standards of study, teaching and research very heavily depend upon the qualities and quantitative service rendered by the university libraries. The Radhakrishnan Commission (1948-49) expressed that "the library is the heart of all the university's work directly so, as regards its research work and indirectly as regards its educational work, which derives its life from research. Scientific research needs the library as well as its laboratories while for humanistic research the library is both library and the laboratory in one. Both for humanistic and scientific studies, a first class library is essential in a university." (India, 1949) can be seen in respect of the indicatives taken by the Central Government considering the vital importance of higher education and role of libraries in the educational development, commitment to fulfill the demand of higher education, and the foundation of the UGC in 1953 by an Act of Parliament. The Radhakrishnan Commission (1948) recognized the value and importance of a well equipped and organized library system and its role in higher education. It had found many drawbacks and pitfalls in the university libraries and had made many recommendations for the improvement of library facilities. The Ranganathan Committee appointed by the UGC in 1957, made some outstanding recommendations, which included standards for library building, collection development, staff and services and furniture etc. These recommendations were accepted by the UGC and forwarded for the implementation. The Kothari Commission also made valuable recommendations for this purpose, but the role of the University Grants Commission deserves special mention, because it has played a vital role by "regularly providing appropriate grants and funds to all universities for development of libraries, to purchase books and journals etc., construction of new library buildings and for library equipment and furniture." (Ojha 1980) Dr. D.S.Kothari, the chairman of university Grants Commission, said, "Libraries play a vital role in the development of institutions of higher learning. The University Grants Commission attaches great importance to the strengthening of library facilities in the universities and colleges and their efficient administration. The commission has also been giving grants to institutions for books and journals construction of library building and appointment of library staff." (India, 1965) one of the most remarkable and identifiable development in the history of higher education and libraries was the foundation of the INFLIBNET IN 1991. Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET) Centre is an autonomous Inter-University of the UGC of India. It is a major National Programme imitated by the UGC in 1991 with its Head Quarters at Gujarat University Campus, Ahmadabad. …