TL;DR: This chapter introduces information retrieval as a scientific discipline, providing a formal characterization centered on the notion of relevance and touches on some of its challenges and classic applications and then dedicate a section to its main evaluation criteria: precision and recall.
Abstract: Information retrieval is a discipline that deals with the representation, storage, organization, and access to information items. The goal of information retrieval is to obtain information that might be useful or relevant to the user: library card cabinets are a “traditional” information retrieval system, and, in some sense, even searching for a visiting card in your pocket to find out a colleague’s contact details might be considered as an information retrieval task. In this chapter we introduce information retrieval as a scientific discipline, providing a formal characterization centered on the notion of relevance. We touch on some of its challenges and classic applications and then dedicate a section to its main evaluation criteria: precision and recall.
TL;DR: Because they can store and protect relatively large amounts of data, smartcards are being used in a number of ways around the world, replacing a wallets contents bit by bit.
Abstract: The worldwide boom in smartcard deployment is accelerating their evolution. What can be found in a typical wallet?, In all likelihood, bills and coins, a variety of credit cards, a driver's license, a transit pass, a voter registration card, a library card, a video rental card, insurance cards, frequent flyer and car rental cards, a telephone charge card. By the end of the century, all of these documents might be replaced by just two or three smartcards. Because they can store and protect relatively large amounts of data, smartcards are being used in a number of ways around the world, replacing a wallet's contents bit by bit. Stored value cards were in place last year (1996) in Atlanta, Ga., at Olympic venues, standing in for coins and bills. A health card identifying the holder's insurance provider and account number has been issued to every citizen of Germany, and plans are in place to add such medical information as the name of the holder's doctor, blood type, allergic reactions, medications, next of kin, and instructions in case of emergency. Smart social security cards in Spain interface with a kiosk system that can provide updated information on benefits and eligibility, as well as pertinent job opportunities. Today, most smartcards handle a single application, but will realize their true value when a single card can address multiple applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, the disks to be dispensed by the vending unit are provided to have a region of magnetic recording media formed on one surface, and the dispensing unit may be equipped to write information relevant to the transaction onto the magnetic media.
Abstract: A vending apparatus and system for storing and automatically dispensing magnetic or optical disks. A user interface means allows a user to enter a dispensing request corresponding to the selection of a desired disk and includes means for receiving user identification information, such as credit or debit card information, or other information stored magnetically on a bank card, driver's license, school identification card, or library card. Once a disk selection has been entered and user identification information received and verified, the selected disk is dispensed from the vending unit. The disks to be dispensed by the vending unit may be provided to have a region of magnetic recording media formed on one surface, and the vending unit may be equipped to write information relevant to the transaction onto the region of magnetic media.
TL;DR: The credit must go to the librarians who initially fueled, and have maintained this level of service by re-writing the rules as mentioned in this paper, creating a new service model, which enabled their patrons to not only resume their lives, but to help them learn and grow.
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public libraries have demonstrated, in many ways, their value to their communities. They have enabled their patrons to not only resume their lives, but to help them learn and grow. Additionally, electronic resources offered to patrons through their library card have allowed people to be educated and entertained.
The credit must go to the librarians, who initially fueled, and have maintained this level of service by re-writing the rules—creating a new service model.