Leontopithecus chrysopygus

Abstract: Recent evidence on craniodental morphology suggests the acceptance of three species of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus). Confirmatory evidence is presented here using the morphology of long-call vocalizations recorded from several individuals of each type of lion tamarin. Recordings were made of Leontopicthecus rosalia, Leontopithecus chrysopygus, and Leontopithecus chrysomelas at the Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro (FEEMA) and of L. rosalia at Monkey Jungle in Florida. Thirty separate parameters were measured, and 17 of them differed significantly between populations. In general, L. chrysomelas had higher pitched calls with shorter note duration, while L. chrysopygus, the larger of the animals, had lower pitched calls with longer note duration. L. rosalia was either intermediate to the other two populations or resembled L. chrysopygus. Thus, the results from the analysis of vocal structures closely paralleled the results obtained with more traditional taxonomic methods and suggests that the quantitative analysis of vocal strucures can be a useful adjunct in taxonomy.

Abstract: Diversity in reproductive and social systems characterizes the primate family Callitrichidae. This paper contributes to our appreciation of this diversity by presenting the first detailed comparative analysis of captive breeding in three species of lion tamarins (Leontopithecus chrysomelas, L. chrysopygus, and L. rosalia) housed at the Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro. The annual pattern of reproduction in all three species of Leontopithecus was markedly seasonal, with births occurring during the spring, summer, and fall months from August through March. While modal number of litters produced per female per year was 1, approximately 20% of breeding females produced two litters per year. The onset of breeding activity in years when two litters are produced was significantly earlier than in years when only one litter was produced. The cumulative number of offspring surviving to 3 months of age did not differ between years with one vs. two breeding attempts. Like other callitrichids, postnatal mortality was highest during the first week of life, and there were pronounced species differences in offspring survival through 1 year, with significantly lower survivorship in L. chrysomelas. Infant survivorship was affected by a number of experiential factors. Survivorship up to 30 days of life was higher in groups in which the breeding female had previous experience with infants as a nonbreeding helper than in groups in which the female lacked previous helping experience. Likewise, survivorship to 30 days of life was higher for infants born to multiparous females than for infants born to primiparous females. When parity and previous helping experience were analyzed concurrently, the lowest survivorship was associated with offspring produced by inexperienced primiparous females. Genus-wide, there was no significant departure from a 50:50 sex ratio at any point during the first year of life, nor was there evidence for differential mortality for male and female infants. However, L. chrysopygus produced significantly more male infants at birth (65:44) and had male-biased litters (approximately 60% males) throughout the first year of life, while L. chrysomelas showed a nonsignificant tendency toward female-biased litters. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Abstract: mulin) at the farm, which may have given rise to resistant strains, thus favouring the pathogenic effect of Kpneumoniae, as reported by Boucher and Nouaille (1999). Although klebsiellosis is not very common among rabbits, epidemiological investigations should be performed to ascertain the presence of this pathogen, since it can lead to serious economic losses. Klebsiellosis is also a zoonosis and its potential for transmission to man must be taken into consideration.

Abstract: Of the 200 living species of primates currently recognized, about one in every seven are already considered endangered. Some of these (e.g., the golden-rumped lion tamarin, Leontopithecus chrysopygus; Perrier’s diademed sifaka, Propithecus diadema perrieri) are literally on the verge of extinction, and most of the others could easily be extinct by the turn of the century if action on their behalf is not taken in the very near future. Some of the world’s most endangered primate species are listed in Table 72.1, which begins with the only endangered primate family, the Daubentoniidae, and also includes endangered genera, species, and subspecies. This list is far from complete and is in need of constant modification, but it serves to indicate the large number of primates that may no longer be with us in a few decades if adequate conservation measures are not instituted now.