TL;DR: The development and current status of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, an internal and continuous time scale without leap seconds, and some coordinate tactics of UTC from the viewpoint of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are discussed.
Abstract: The development and current status of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System are briefly introduced. The definition and realization of the system time scales are described in detail. The BeiDou system time (BDT) is an internal and continuous time scale without leap seconds. It is maintained by the time and frequency system of the master station. The frequency accuracy of BDT is superior to 2 ? 10?14 and its stability is better than 6 ? 10?15/30 days. The satellite synchronization is realized by a two-way time transfer between the uplink stations and the satellite. The measurement uncertainty of satellite clock offsets is less than 2?ns. The BeiDou System has three modes of time services: radio determination satellite service (RDSS) one-way, RDSS two-way and radio navigation satellite service (RNSS) one-way. The uncertainty of the one-way time service is designed to be less than 50?ns, and that of the two-way time service is less than 10?ns. Finally, some coordinate tactics of UTC from the viewpoint of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are discussed. It would be helpful to stop the leap second, from our viewpoint, but to keep the UTC name, the continuity and the coordinate function unchanged.
TL;DR: BCPy is developed to be used in the pipeline for the next generation Doppler Spectrometers - Habitable-zone Planet Finder and NEID and an automated leap second management routine to improve upon the one available in Astropy is developed.
Abstract: We announce barycorrpy (BCPy) , a Python implementation to calculate precise barycentric corrections well below the 1 cm/s level, following the algorithm of Wright and Eastman (2014). This level of precision is required in the search for 1 Earth mass planets in the Habitable Zones of Sun-like stars by the Radial Velocity (RV) method, where the maximum semi-amplitude is about 9 cm/s. We have developed BCPy to be used in the pipeline for the next generation Doppler Spectrometers - Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) and NEID. In this work, we also develop an automated leap second management routine to improve upon the one available in Astropy. It checks for and downloads a new leap second file before converting from the UT time scale to TDB.
TL;DR: In this article, the Leap Second is defined as the first leap second of the year of the first year of each year in the year 2000, and the future of time is discussed.
Abstract: Preface Astronomers' Time Physicists' Time Atomic Time World Time The Leap Second. Time Transfer Uses of Accurate Time The Future of Time Appendix Timekeeping Organizations Glossary of Abbreviations Index
TL;DR: The International Earth Rotation and reference systems service (IERS) as mentioned in this paper monitors the Earth's rotation angle using Very Long Baseline Interference (VLBI) with valuable input from GNSS observations and global atmospheric angular momentum for both the combination and prediction of EOPs.
Abstract: Monitoring the Earth's rotation angle is essential in various domains linked to reference systems such as space navigation, precise orbit determinations of artificial Earth satellites including the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), positional astronomy and for geophysical studies on time scales ranging from a few hours to decades.Universal Time UT1 is based on the rotation of the Earth on its axis. Historically it was related to mean solar time on the meridian of Greenwich, sometimes known as Greenwich Mean Time. Monitoring Earth orientation, and in particular UT1, is the primary task of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). The Earth Orientation Center is responsible for monitoring Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) including long-term consistency and leap second announcements. The Rapid Service/Prediction Center is in charge of the rapid, near real-time solution and predictions. These two complementary services of the IERS provide Earth orientation information from results derived predominantly from Very Long Baseline Interferometry with valuable input from GNSS observations and global atmospheric angular momentum for both the combination and prediction of EOPs.
TL;DR: The NIST Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) is a telephone time service designed to provide computers with telephone access to time generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology at accuracies approaching 1 ms.
Abstract: The NIST Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) is a telephone time service designed to provide computers with telephone access to time generated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology at accuracies approaching 1 ms. Features of the service include automated estimation by the transmitter of the telephone-line delay, advanced alert for changes to and from daylight saving time, and advanced notice of insertion of leap seconds. The ASCII-character time code operates with most standard modems and computer systems. The system can be used to set computer clocks and simple hardware can also be developed to set non-computer clock systems.