TL;DR: The experimental setup with L. gibba stressed by arsenic(V) provides a valuable tool to investigate regulative effects of potentized substances and increased frond number-related growth rate compared to controls.
Abstract: Objectives: A bioassay with arsenic-stressed duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) was developed to study potentially regulative effects of homeopathic preparations. We compared potentized substances (nine different potency levels between 17 x and 33 x ) with two controls (unsuccussed and succussed water) regarding their influence on number- and area-related growth rate and color of fronds (leaves). Screening included 11 potentized substances: Arsenicum album, gibberellic acid, nosode, arsenic(V), phosphorus, Conchae, Acidum picrinicum, Argentum nitricum, Crotalus horridus, Hepar sulfuris, and Mercurius vivus naturalis. Design: Duckweed was stressed with arsenic(V) for 48 hours. Afterwards, plants grew in either potentized substances or water controls for 6 days. Growth rate and color of fronds were determined with a computerized image analysis system for different time intervals (days 0–2, 2–6, 0–6). A systematic negative control experiment with unsuccussed water was used to investigate the stability of the...
TL;DR: The results suggested no structural changes due to the trituration and dynamization process in Zincum metallicum samples and lactose controls, but TG and DSC analyses permit the differentiation of dynamized and non-dynamized groups, suggesting the dynamization Process induced a significant increase in the degradation heat.
TL;DR: Zinc in soluble form (Zn2+) and homeopathic Zincum metallicum were tested in macrophages and astrocytes in order to investigate its potential toxic or therapeutic effects and zinc depletion markedly reduced IL-10 production and cell viability.
TL;DR: The (trialkylstannyl)cubanes provide a useful way to achieve substitution on the cubane nucleus and provides access to compounds such as 1,3,5,7-tetrabromo-2,4,6,8-tetranitrocubane.
Abstract: Trialkyltin and trialkyllead amides react directly and remarkably easily with 1,3,5,7-tetranitrocubane to form mono- to tetrakis(trialkyltin)- and -(trialkyllead) tetranitrocubanes. These are all s...