Topic
Layers
About: Layers is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 49 publications have been published within this topic receiving 1154 citations.
Papers
Patent•
12 Jul 1996TL;DR: In this paper, a computer graphical image manipulation and transmission system which enables a user to create a composite image by using a positional input device to select individual elements of the composite image to be changed.
Abstract: A computer graphical image manipulation and transmission system which enables a user to create a composite image by using a positional input device to select individual elements of the composite image to be changed. The system automatically presents alternative image elements in a predetermined sequence each time a given zone of the composite image is specified. The image modification proceeds by simply selecting image areas with a mouse or the like, eliminating the need for pop-up or drop-down menus, dialog boxes, tool boxes, or drag-and-drop image palettes. The selection of any image element may also cause an ancillary function to be performed, including the automatic alteration of the image elements associated with another zone of the image. The image composite image thus created may be converted into a standard bitmap file for use in other programs, or may take the form of an data structure containing zone coordinates and image identifiers, allowing the image modification session to be resumed and further allowing the transfer of an complex image by sending a relatively small amount of data when the individual image elements from which the image is constructed are available to both the transmitting and receiving station. The image manipulation and viewing mechanism may be utilized in standard applications adapted to receive and manipulate composite image applications in container documents, and is adapted for use with web browsers capable of displaying the composite images as imbedded images in web documents.
119 citations
Patent•
27 Sep 2012TL;DR: In this paper, an image editing application assigns a mask value to each pixel of the image that includes several pixels, and the mask value for a pixel is for using when processing the pixel.
Abstract: Some embodiments provide an image editing application that edits an image. The image editing application assigns a mask value to each pixel of the image that includes several pixels. The mask value for a pixel is for using when processing the pixel. The image editing application displays the image in a display area. The image editing application receives several user inputs on a set of pixels of the image. The image editing application incrementally applies an image processing operation to the set of pixels by changing the mask values for the set of pixels each time the set of pixels receives a user input.
91 citations
Patent•
18 Jun 2003TL;DR: In this paper, a system and method for editing images is described by a few parameters, which are independent of the images themselves, and the size of the editing list is very small and is ideal for network transmission and collaboration.
Abstract: A system and method for editing images. Each image editing operation is described by a few parameters. Multiple users can share image processing changes by sharing a few set of parameters instead of the whole bitmaps of the images. An Editing List describes the parameters defining the image changes. The size of Editing List is very small and is ideal for network transmission and collaboration. Image Editing Lists are independent of the images themselves. By decoupling the Image Editing Lists from the original bitmap images, other advantages are obtained. For instance, the same Editing List can be applied to other images and also to multiple images at the same time. Rendering of the modified images can be performed at a later time and only when necessary. In case of collaborative editing, the transmission time is reduced drastically.
84 citations
TL;DR: This work proposes a technique to decompose an image into layers, in which each layer represents a single-color coat of paint applied with varying opacity based on the image’s RGB-space geometry.
Abstract: In digital image editing software, layers organize images. However, layers are often not explicitly represented in the final image, and may never have existed for a scanned physical painting or a photograph. We propose a technique to decompose an image into layers. In our decomposition, each layer represents a single-color coat of paint applied with varying opacity. Our decomposition is based on the image’s RGB-space geometry. In RGB-space, the linear nature of the standard Porter-Duff [1984] “over” pixel compositing operation implies a geometric structure. The vertices of the convex hull of image pixels in RGB-space correspond to a palette of paint colors. These colors may be “hidden” and inaccessible to algorithms based on clustering visible colors. For our layer decomposition, users choose the palette size (degree of simplification to perform on the convex hull), as well as a layer order for the paint colors (vertices). We then solve a constrained optimization problem to find translucent, spatially coherent opacity for each layer, such that the composition of the layers reproduces the original image. We demonstrate the utility of the resulting decompositions for recoloring (global and local) and object insertion. Our layers can be interpreted as generalized barycentric coordinates; we compare to these and other recoloring approaches.
82 citations
Patent•
27 Jul 2004TL;DR: In this paper, the image layers are arranged in a sequence in which a top 3D image layer is separated from a bottom 2D image by a 2D layer, and the image layer are rendered according to the sequence.
Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for generating a composite image from both two-dimensional (2D) image layers and three-dimensional (3D) image layers. In one embodiment, the image layers are arranged in a sequence in which a top 3D image layer is separated from a bottom 3D image layer by a 2D image layer and the image layers are rendered according to the sequence. In another embodiment, at least one of the image layers is associated with an adjustment layer, and rendering the composite image includes determining whether each current image layer has an associated adjustment layer with a dimensionality different from that of the current image layer, and if it does, applying the adjustment layer accordingly. In another embodiment, at least one of the image layers is associated with a track matte.
59 citations
Related Topics (5)
Performance Metrics
| Year | Papers |
|---|---|
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2016 | 2 |
| 2014 | 1 |
| 2013 | 2 |
| 2012 | 4 |
| 2011 | 2 |