TL;DR: Ohlmeyer and Phillips as discussed by the authors proposed a closed-form solution for energy-optimal impact-angle-constrained guidance laws for a stationary target by using the linear quadratic regulator technique after linearizing the engagement kinematics.
Abstract: IN MANY advanced guidance applications, it is required to intercept the target from a particular direction: that is, to achieve a certain impact angle [1–3]. Closed-form solutions for energyoptimal impact-angle-constrained guidance laws have been proposed for a stationary target by Ryoo et al. [4], who used the linear quadratic regulator technique after linearizing the engagement kinematics. The guidance law proposed by them captures all impact angles from any initial launch angle in a planar engagement scenario. Lu et al. [5] solved the problem of guiding a hypersonic gliding vehicle in its terminal phase to a stationary target using adaptive proportional navigation guidance. Ohlmeyer and Phillips [6] extended the idea of explicit guidance (proposed by Cherry [7]) to include a terminal impact angle constraint. However, the simulations by Ohlmeyer and Phillips [6] are carried out only for a vertical impact against a stationary target, and the impact angle errors encountered are sensitive to the launch altitude.
TL;DR: The effects of tapering, launch angle and taper length of the fiber have been explored in detail using a ray-tracing model to calculate the highest possible penetration depth of the evanescent field.
TL;DR: It is found that the shooter should place up to 3 Hz of back spin on the ball, should aim the ball towards the back of the ring, and should launch the ball at 52° to the horizontal.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum release conditions for the free throw in men's basketball. The study used hundreds of thousands of three-dimensional simulations of basketball trajectories. Five release variables were studied: release height, release speed, launch angle, side angle, and back spin. The free throw shooter was assumed to shoot at 70% and to release the ball 2.134 m (7 ft) above the ground. We found that the shooter should place up to 3 Hz of back spin on the ball, should aim the ball towards the back of the ring, and should launch the ball at 52° to the horizontal. We also found that it is desirable to release the ball as high above the ground as possible, as long as this does not adversely affect the player's launch consistency.
TL;DR: A launch system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is contained in a portable trailer where all the components of the launch platform can be unfolded and/or attached to each other by hand using removable pins attached to the platform by lanyards is described in this article.
Abstract: A launch system for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that is contained in a portable trailer where all the components of the launch platform can be unfolded and/or attached to each other by hand using removable pins attached to the platform by lanyards. The platform includes launch extension mechanisms that insure a proper launch angle. Wing rails that fold into and are pinned into position to support the UAV before a launch. The launcher also includes a crane that provides a fixed position lifting crank and a movable boom with a lifting cable that is not exposed to getting tangled during movements of the boom when positioning the UAV on the launcher. The trailer has an air compressor and air tanks, and a foot operated release valve that supplies compressed air for a piston based launch mechanism that is controlled by the pilot. The system includes enclosed compartments that are capable of storing components for several vehicles. The system also includes an aircraft starter mechanism that can be slidably positioned for starting a motor of the aircraft by the pilot.
TL;DR: In this paper, the pump light is directed along the center axis of a multi-mode optical fiber within a predetermined launch angle, and only lower-order modes are affected rather than exciting all modes.
Abstract: Indiscriminately exciting the modes of a multi-mode optical fiber amplifier is avoided by an optical fiber amplifier design in which the excitation of pump modes in the core of a multi-mode fiber is controlled by controlling the pump light launching. The pump light is directed substantially along the center axis of a multi-mode fiber within a predetermined launch angle. Rather than exciting all modes, only lower order modes are affected.