TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-phase-leg model is proposed to describe the heat transfer in solids with micro-structures, and experimental evidence supports the lagging behaviour in heat transport under various circumstances, including the high-order effect of phase legs in the delayed response.
Abstract: This work introduces a new concept in heat transfer, developing a transient model describing the fast-transient process of heat transport in solids with micro-structures. In describing the microstructural interaction effect in the short-term response, it extends the "macroscopic" concept that practisings engineers are already familiar with. The dual-phase-leg model covers the existing macroscopic and microscopic models in the same framework, including the classical diffusion model employing the Fourier's law and the thermal wave model for dielectric films, insulators, and semi-conductors, and the photon-electron interaction model for metals (microscopic). Chapters cover the current status of microscale heat transfer, the lagging behaviour in the transient response, experimental evidence supporting the lagging behaviour in heat transport under various circumstances, the high-order effect of phase legs in the delayed response, and the possible effect of lagging responses in the related fields of elasticity and forced convention.
TL;DR: The authors analyzed two mutually exclusive leading and lagging global corporate sustainability portfolios (Dow Jones) and found that leading sustainability firms do not underperform the market portfolio, and their lagging counterparts outperform both the market and the leading portfolio.
Abstract: Does investing in sustainability leaders affect portfolio performance? Analyzing two mutually exclusive leading and lagging global corporate sustainability portfolios (Dow Jones) finds that (1) leading sustainability firms do not underperform the market portfolio, and (2) their lagging counterparts outperform the market portfolio and the leading portfolio. Notably, we find leading (lagging) corporate social performance (CSP) firms exhibit significantly lower (higher) idiosyncratic risk and that idiosyncratic risk might be priced by the broader global equity market. We develop an idiosyncratic risk factor and find that its inclusion significantly reduces the apparent difference in performance between leading and lagging CSP portfolios.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the lagging behavior for heat transport in small-scale and fast-transient processes and employed the phase-lag concept to describe the special response observed in these experiments.
Abstract: This work examines the lagging behavior for heat transport in small-scale and fast-transient processes. The experimental result by Qiu et al. for the femtosecond transient response in gold films and that by Bertman and Sandiford for the temperature pulse traveling through superfluid liquid helium are re-examined with emphasis on the lagging behavior. The model employing the phase-lag concept provides as competent or even better results when describing the special response observed in these experiments.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relevance of the concept of innovative miliena in the context of tagging regions is discussed, and its relevance in the case of weak economic contexts is affirmed.
Abstract: This paper deals with the concept of innovative miliena as developed by the GREMI group, and its relevance in the context of tagging regions. The concept was originally developed for the case of successful new industrial regions, where the presence of district economies and of wide synergies among local actors gives rise to fast innovation processes. However, such elements are hardly present in weak economic contexts. On the basis of both theoretical and empirical analyses, the relevance of the concept is reaftirmed. This is mainly for normative purposes, since innovation miliena are present in lagging regions only in potential and not fully developed forms.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take stock of the status quo and propose actionable steps forward for the energy research community to ensure that it can better engage with decision-makers and continues to deliver robust policy advice in a transparent and reproducible way.