TL;DR: In this article, a design test procedure for foamed asphalt paving mixtures is proposed, which is similar in some ways to emulsion and cutback mixtures, for which desigh test procedures are available.
Abstract: Foamed-asphalt paving mixtures are evaluated under a variety of testing procedures for design of field projects in different areas of the United States and in other countries. Laboratory results and correlations with field experience obtained in one area are often difficult to apply elsewhere. A standard design test procedure for foamed-asphalt mixtures would resolve many problems. Under road conditions, foamed-asphalt mixtures are similar in some ways to emulsion and cutback mixtures, for which desigh test procedures are available. As far as possible, use of established methods provided a logical approach to development of a design test method for foamed mixtures. Test routines for emulsion mixtures that simulate mix compaction during laydown and subsequent curing of the pavement, along with established criteria for test results, have proved equally applicable to foamed mixtures and their use is proposed. They would be preceded by new routines unique to foamed asphalt for the preparation of design test batches ready to be compacted into test specimens. Instructions are provided for tentative appraisals of aggregates and for defining the desired aggregate moisture level, operating conditions for the foamed-asphalt system, and asphalt contents of trial mixes. Acceptance of published emulsion mix design procedures has been hampered by the time required for specimen curing. A novel scheme applicable to both foamed and emulsion mixes is proposed that would provide specimens at three levels of curing yet require less laboratory test time and fewer molds. However, the criteria used to judge the test results may require some adjustment. A method is proposed for predicting the progress of pavement curing through correlation of pavement moisture level with test data obtained in the laboratory on specimens at different levels of curing. (Author)
TL;DR: In this paper, a batch of composite insulator temperature rise of a 500kV transmission line, field infrared test were conducted and 17 typical composite insulators with temperature rise were tested in laboratory.
Abstract: In response to a batch of composite insulator temperature rise of a 500kV transmission line, field infrared test were conducted and 17 typical composite insulator with temperature rise were tested in laboratory. The temperature rise value with test time were grasped and internal defect were confirmed by anatomy. Comparing the results of laboratory and field test, the on-site tower test defect judgement accuracy were obtained. It is indicated that the on-site tower test defect judgement accuracy based on V string composite insulator with temperature rise is 46.15%. The temperature rise of poor adhesion and initial stage decay in laboratory could be little. The temperature rise of rod with internal defect stay increasing within the 30 min laboratory test time. It is recommended that the laboratory infrared test accuracy could be promoted by increasing applied voltage time and concerning rod temperature change curve. For field infrared test, the test method combined with drone to reduce the obstruction of insulator rod, and with rod temperature distribution characteristic to reduce the interference of visible light is recommend.